玉漏沙殘 |
The Sands of Time Are Sinking |
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詩人介紹
這首詩歌又名「玉漏沙殘」(The Sands of Time Are Sinking)是十九世紀女詩人古霑安在1857年所作。 這首詩是根據十七世紀,基督徒殉道者羅得福的書信和臨終遺言而寫。 原詩共有十九節(請參考詩人与詩歌(二) ),今日聖徒詩歌(五三二首)乃採用其中五節。這首詩的曲調是一位法國的音樂家杜罕(Chretien Urhan, 1790-1845)所譜。
古霑安(Anne Ross Cousin, 1824-1906)一八二四年生於蘇格蘭美如斯(Melrose)。 她的父親大衛康斗(David Ross Cundell)是位醫生 。 她嫁給一位傳道人威廉可貞(William Cousin),他是蘇格蘭自由教會中頗被主使用的仆人。 古霑安有很高的詩歌才華,詩境有如在天。她的這首詩最遲當寫于一八五七年,那年,這詩發表在The Christian Treasury上。她一生共寫了一百六十首詩,一八七六年有人替她出版了她的詩集——Immanuel’s Land and Other Pieces。詩評者說,她的詩最适于聖徒唱頌或默想,而這詩集中最好的作品,當然就是作為詩集全 名的“以馬內利之境”了。它在所有的詩歌中,就像光輝熾烈的日頭,無論就詩的 境界、詩的感覺或文學技巧而言,都是佼佼者。所有在二十世紀出版的詩歌集,都選錄了這一首。
羅得福(Samuel Rutherford, 1600-1661),蘇格蘭人,是一位博學的傳道人,他堅守所信的道。1630年時,他因與當時的國教不能相容,在最高權力法庭受審,被解職放逐,他的著作也被焚燬。 羅得福被禁講道後,就以書信勉勵其教友和友人,一共寫了二百二十多封勸勉的書信,其中一信有句:「玉漏沙盡,應即把握時間,及時尋求你的主。」即本詩第一節的主題。 八年後,克倫威爾(Oliver Cromwell)執政,獨立教會獲宗教自由。 羅得福繼續領導反英國國教的運動。 1660年,英國王政復辟後,國會以叛國罪傳訊羅得福,但此時他已病重垂危,無法應訊。 臨終時,他說:「我即將去很少君王和顯要們能去的地方,願榮耀歸與我的創造主與救贖主。榮耀在以馬內利之地明亮照耀。」古霑安就將「在以馬內利樂境,滿榮耀光明。」作為每節詩的末句。
羅得福小傳
「玉漏沙殘」的詩是羅得福 (Samuel Rutherford) 在一六二七年的安瓦斯(Anworth)開始牧會十年後,寫信給戈登(John Gordon)說:「我所敬慕親愛的兄弟:玉漏將盡,應即把握時間,及時尋求你的主。」這句話成為本詩第一節的主題。但卻是用他跟隨追求及愛主、愛弟兄及為主受苦的經歷所寫成的。這就是羔羊新婦的腳蹤吧!
羅得福於一六○○年生於蘇格蘭,父親是一位敬虔的農夫。二十歲時得到碩士學位,二十五歲被任命為教授,二十七歲成為鄉村的傳道人。從他開始服事主起,主就先工作在他身上。他妻子的疾病成為他很重的擔子,經常日夜劇痛呼叫,需要他隨時照護。他妻子得的病異常疼痛,呻吟如同產婦叫號,長期折磨使他精疲力竭,有一年半之久,直到去世,不久兩個孩子也相繼去世,我們不明白主為何這樣做,但他明白了什麼是為父心懷,他往後也最能撫平弟兄們喪親的傷痛。
他的服事
安臥斯教區的村莊分佈很散,他探訪弟兄家便很辛苦,但為體貼大牧者的心腸,他常放下書本而翻山越嶺去拯救靈魂。那家有病人,他總是出現在床頭。看望時,他的眼目常常向上看,似乎在不斷地仰望基督。雖然難於看望牧養,但他服事主的自己就更謹嚴,每天凌晨三點,他就起身與主有親密的交通、默想,為弟兄們禱告。弟兄們說:「他總是在禱告,總是在傳道,總是在看望病人,總是作教義問答,總是在讀寫。」
他沒有講道口才,嗓音特別尖銳,天生最不適合講道的,但講道卻是非常吸引人,在他的時代甚至教會史上,都是少有的。是因主用膏油來塗抹他,所以人覺得他的話能打動人心。當他講到主時,有弟兄作見證說,他整個人像要飛騰出去似的。當時有一個很會「追求」的弟兄說:「我在這兒被剖開隱情,我在那兒遇見神的威嚴尊貴,但我在他這裏,遇見了主的愛!」
在他沒有去安臥得之前,那兒的人就像冷卻的鐵塊一樣,兩年之後,就有復興開始了。他為了神指派他的職分,把命都拼上去了。安臥得是他的冠冕、他的喜樂,他們站定了,他就活了。他曾說過:「我最深的喜樂,就是挪去你們和永遠生命之間的鴻溝,我的見證存留在天。你們的天,就是我的雙倍天;你們的得救,就是我雙倍的得救。我晝夜思想的,就是你們。主啊!審判我,如果我不看我的職分;主啊!定罪我,如果我看重這職分過於看重你自己。」凡住在安臥得一帶的,無論尊貴、富有、貧賤或文盲都是他福音的債戶。他探望他們,寫信給他們,而且在主前一一提名禱告,弟兄家中的兒女他也一個一個顧及到。他見證說:「我盡所能把你們交在基督的掌握裏;凡是主的旨意,我未曾避諱不說的。我把你們戴在胸前如胸牌一樣,常因思念你們,我幾乎不能入眠。當你們安睡的時候,我魂獨醒—我在主面前尋求,如何把你們許配給基督,有如貞潔的童女一般。」
他從領受主的聖餐,成為他靈性得更新的秘訣,他自己見證說:「每週日主的筵席(即擘餅),是我裏頭的人更新的機會。我是過了度量去搆服事,我日日憂傷主給我的呼召,連我的身體也趕不上了。但此時是我們天上的父,將基督||我們寶貴的生命糧,分賜給兒女的時候;此時也是我們的良人,取悅祂所愛的人的時候,我們要格外渴慕祂。」他常要求一些屬靈長者,以禱告來供應這聚會。他不但從「主的身體」得屬靈供應,他自己常是長時間在主面前與主摔跤「在安臥得,我與天使摔跤並得了勝。森林、樹木、草原和山丘都是我的見證人,見證我怎麼樣將基督與安臥得這個地方緊緊地聯結起來。」
他這樣盡力服事主,主並沒有免去對他的擊打。一六三0年,他妻子去世了,他說:「來吧!來吧!基督的十字架。如果基督也來的話,十架請來吧!」「受苦確實是我們進入神國的途徑。」幾年來他母親病危時,他說:「我要孤單了||但我並不孤單,因為父與我同在。」
接受基督的患難
一六三六年,他出版一本關於恩典的著作,而被請去教書,但就在這時因主張王權的限制,觸怒了王室,七月時,他被召去答辯為何不贊同主教制,旋即被勒令停止牧職並放逐到亞伯丁判刑九年。當時那地是亞米紐斯派的大本營。他靈裏非常明亮,他致信摯友說:「我誠願主再加幾分十架給我,好叫我能有分於主的苦難。我信惟有這樣,基督的王權才能在這裏受人尊重。」當他受審定讞時,他說:「我知道這場衝突遲早會爆發的。我為著被主抬舉來背這個十字架而禱告,已經有十六年了。」他決定馬上離開安臥得去亞伯丁。「我要以我的行為證明,我是存心順服國王的,他有權管制我的身體。我惟一放不下心的,就是我的弟兄們,因為這兩年來,我的服事太放鬆了,但願我的放逐不是主的管教。」
同年九月他到達亞伯丁,站在亞米紐斯主義和主教制的營壘中,為真理和基督主權作見證。他們一見羅得福來了,就展開對恩典教義的猛烈攻擊,然而他折服了他們,甚至有人聽了勸。因此,有人建議快挪走這個「瘟疫者」。弟兄當時說:「此地的『愛』好冷酷啊!但基督和我要繼續背負下去。
當他在市上行走時,經常有許多人嘲諷他說:「哼!這個人被放逐、沒人要的傳道人!」弟兄說:「我不以我的『花環』為恥。」還有人對他個人人身攻擊,他聽到了就說:「這不過是為主受苦十字架一部分而已。」感謝主,當時也安排了幾位敬虔認識主的人與他交通,叫他得激勵。
英國有句諺語:「金子燒了仍是金子,因此當人要踐踏金子時,將王的印戳蓋上吧!」當他兩年後從試煉中出來時,身上絲毫不帶火燎的氣味呢!他反而在主的恩典上更有長進,這點可以從他的書信中讀出。這兩年,他一方面,與主交通,愈頻愈增;另一方面,則藉著代禱和寫信,來堅固亞伯丁的弟兄們。生命一旦流出來了,是任何限制敵擋不住的。這生命,直到今日,仍舊藉著書信繼續向渴慕主的人說話。
被放逐到亞伯丁的兩年,可說是神在他身上更厲害錘鍊的開始,他自己也蒙了屬靈的大轉機。許多手中的工作被迫停止了,神卻帶他進入更深的生命和事奉裏,就在這個時候,他寫了這首詩歌。
亞伯丁基督的行宮
羅得福書信發信地址總是寫「在亞伯丁基督的行宮」。亞伯丁(ABERDEEN)是蘇格蘭東北部的一個漁港,而所謂基督的行宮則是一個大牢房監獄城。三百五十年前,羅得福為真理的緣故被軟禁在這城裏達十七個月之久,正如約翰被囚在拔摩海島一樣。所以他說:「這城作了我的囚牢。」雖然他被判褫奪一切事奉,他的口全然被封住,但是感謝主,他的心卻湧出美辭(詩篇四十五篇一節)。當他被解往亞伯丁的途中,他寫了一封信給他的妻子,形容他的旅程時說:「我現在是往基督在亞伯丁的行宮去。」他把為主受苦看作是赴王的筵席。所以他說:「巴不得蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭能有份於我的筵席!」當他抵達亞伯丁的時候,他說:「雖然這一座城是我的監牢,但是基督使它成為我的宮殿。它是四處花香,結果纍纍,令人留連忘返的樂園。」從那一天開始,就有一道潺潺不絕的生命水流,從這名為囚牢實為王宮的地方發源,藉著羅得福的書信,不斷的流傳直到我們的手中。
他在這個監牢裏,一共寫了兩百十九封信,後來有人又蒐集了他別的書信一百四十三封,彙印成一本書,在一六六四年出版,用了一個很有意義的書名:「復活的約書亞」,底下的副題是羅得福書信上下集。這本書信集現在是公認的基督徒讀物中的古典名著,有人把它和本仁約翰的「天路歷程」相提並論,從一六六四年迄今,一共出了三十多版,其中一版且重印了許多次。
榮耀的呼召
一六六0年查理二世復辟,共和政體結束,他的「律法與君王」一書首先遭到查禁。次年,王室正準備要進一步迫害他本人時,為時已晚矣,因為萬王之王召他回家的日子先到了。你若讀他彌留之前所講的話,會發覺那不像一個將逝者所講的話,倒像天使的言語,何等尊貴。
當他聽到王室命令時,他說:「至高的審判者的徵召先到了,我必須先答應祂呢!」這時,他似乎站在通向榮耀家鄉的門檻上,說:「我好喜樂喔!」「我吃到了天上的嗎哪,我眼見我救贖主的面了,我知道末日祂要站立在地上,我將被接入榮耀裏。」
在他將去世前,有人問他現在所認識的基督為何?他說:「我將活著敬拜祂,榮耀歸給我的造物主和救贖主,榮耀四射在以馬內利之境。」「我要睡在主裏,當我醒來時,我要滿足於榮耀的形像。噢!膀臂啊!擁抱祂!噢!金琴調好吧!」他還用手表示,彷彿手抱金琴在天上,要奏起哈利路亞呢!「我聽見主對我說,上到我這裏來吧!」
接著,他似乎在被提的狂喜中說:「我要照射榮耀!我要見到祂像祂一樣!我要見祂掌權,所有潔白眾軍都跟著祂,而我要享受我的一份!」他叫人反覆唸哥林多前書第一章三十節,說:「基督是我的一切的一切。」這就第二節所說:「哦!基督你是泉源,源深甘愛充滿。」他彌留最後的一句話是:「越過樂園,我就進入復活了;我所安息的港口,仍不過是祂寶血的赦免和救贖。榮耀、榮耀,今充滿在以馬內利之境。」 摘自—司提反詩歌與生命經歷
Hymn Story
Anne Ross Cousin (1824-1906), the wife of a Presbyterian minister in London, was greatly interested in the life and death of Samuel Rutherford. Cousin used Rutherford's last words to pen her poem "Glory Dwelleth in Immanuel's Land." The nineteen stanza poem was written in tract form and later (1857) reduced to the hymn we know as, "The Sands of Time are Sinking."
Samuel Rutherford (1600-1661), anative of Roxburghshire, he graduated from Edinburgh University to be appointed 'regent of humanity'. He was about twenty-seven years of age when converted to Christ. From 1627 to 1636 he was pastor of Anwoth parish among the soft green hills of Galloway overlooking the Solway Firth and the hills of Cumbria. Hence the allusions in the hymn. Because of his nonconformity to Episcopacy and his adherence to Calvinism against Arminianism he was deprived of his ministry for nine years and banished to Aberdeen, alluded to in the hymn as his "sea-beat prison". See Letters of Samuel Rutherford, with a Biographical Introduction by Andrew Bonar, pages 1-25, republished by The Banner of Truth Trust, 1984.
The following story has always intrigued, "There is a tradition that Archbishop Usher, passing through Galloway, turned aside on a Saturday to enjoy the congenial society of Rutherford. He came, however, in disguise; and being welcomed as a guest, took his place with the rest of the family when they were catechised, as was usual, that evening. The stranger was asked, 'How many commandments are there?' His reply was 'Eleven'.(footnote 1) The pastor corrected him; but the stranger maintained his position, quoting our Lord's words, 'A NEW COMMANDMENT I give to you, that you love one another." They retired to rest, all interested in the stranger. Sabbath morning dawned. Rutherford arose and repaired, as was his custom, for meditation to a walk that bordered on a thicket (footnote 2) , but was startled by hearing the voice of prayer - prayer too from the heart, and in behalf of the souls of the people that day to assemble. It was no other than the holy Archbishop Usher; and soon they came to an explanation, for Rutherford had begun to suspect he had 'entertained angels unawares.' With great mutual love they conversed together; and at the request of Rutherford, the Archbishop went up to the pulpit, conducted the usual service of the Presbyterian pastor, and preached on 'the New Commandment.'" Ibid. pages 9-11.
"It was at St. Andrew's Rutherford died, on 30th March 1661…..Had he lived a few weeks his might have been the cruel death endured by his friend James Guthrie, whom he had encouraged, by his letters, in steadfastness to the end. The sentence which the Parliament passed, when told that he was dying, did him no dishonour. When they had voted that he should not die in the College, Lord Burleigh rose and said, 'Ye cannot vote him out of heaven.'" Ibid. page 22. The last verse of the hymn is a clear allusion to this experience: "They've summoned me before them, but there I may not come, - my Lord says 'Come up hither,' my Lord says 'Welcome home!' my kingly King, at His white throne, my presence doth command," (before a Higher Court).
Footnote 1: In the parish church of Chisledon, North Wilts, there are to be seen Eleven Commandments inscribed on a slab (which is affixed to the chancel arch); the additional one consisting of our Saviour's precept - "A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another" (John 13:34). The church dates back to 1641.
Footnote 2: The place is still pointed out by tradition, as "Rutherford's Walk", close to the old manse, which was pulled down long ago.
ALL VERSES
The poem in its completeness is many verses with personal references to elements of Samuel Rutherford's earthly pilgramage.
1. The sands of time are sinking The dawn of heaven breaks, The summer morn I've sighed for The fair sweet morn awakes:
Dark, dark has been the midnight, But dayspring is at hand, And glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
2. Oh! Well it is for ever Oh! Well for evermore - My nest hung in no forest Of all this death-doomed shore:
Yea, let the vain world vanish, As from the ship the strand, While glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
3. There the Red Rose of Sharon Unfolds its heartsome bloom And fills the air of heaven With ravishing perfume:
Oh! To behold its blossom, While by its fragrance fann'd Where glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
4. The King there in His beauty, Without a veil is seen:It were a well spent journey,Though seven deaths lay between:
The Lamb, with His fair army, Doth on Mount Zion stand, And glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
5. Oh! Christ He is the fountain,The deep sweet well of love! The streams on earth I've tasted, More deep I'll drink above:
There, to an ocean fulness, His mercy doth expand, And glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
6. Oft in yon sea-beat prison My Lord and I held tryst, For Anwoth was not heaven, And preaching was not Christ;
And aye, my murkiest storm-cloud Was by a rainbow spann'd, Caught from the glory dwelling In Immanuel's land.
7. But that he built a Heaven Of His surpassing love, A little New Jerusalem, Like to the one above,
"Lord take me o'er the water," Had been my loud demand, Take me to love's own country, Unto Immanuel's land.
8. But flow'rs need night's cool darkness, The moonlight and the dew; So Christ, from one who loved it, His shining oft withdrew:-
And then, for cause of absence My troubled soul I scann'd,But glory shadeless, shineth In Immanuel's land.
9. The little birds of Anwoth, I used to count them blest, -Now, beside happier altars I go to build my nest:
O'er these there broods no silence, No graves around them stand, For glory, deathless, dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
10. Fair Anwoth, by the Solway, To me thou still art dear, E'en from the verge of heaven, I drop for thee a tear.
Oh! If one from Anwoth Meet me at God's right hand, My Heaven will be two Heavens, In Immanuel's land.
11. I've wrestled on towards heaven'Gainst storm, and wind and tide'Now like a weary traveller That leaneth on his Guide,
Amid the shades of evening,While sinks life's lingering sand,I hail the glory dawningFrom Immanuel's land.
12. Deep waters cross'd life's pathway,The hedge of thorns was sharp;Now, these lie all behind me -Oh! For a well tuned harp!
Oh! to join HallelujahWith yon triumphant band,Who sing, where glory dwelleth,In Immanuel's land.
13. With mercy and with judgmentMy web of time He wove,And aye, the dews of sorrowWere lustred with His love:-
I'll bless the hand that guided, I'll bless the hand that plann'd When throned where glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
14. Soon shall the cup of glory Wash down earth's bitt'rest woes,Soon shall the desert briarBreak into Eden's rose;
The curse shall change to blessing -The Name on earth that's bann'd Be graven on white stone In Immanuel's land.
15. Oh! I am my Beloved's, And my Beloved's mine! He brings a poor vile sinnerIn to His "house of wine":
I stand upon His merit,I know no other stand,Not e'en where glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.
16. I shall sleep sound in Jesus,Fill'd with His likeness rise,To love and to adore Him,To see Him with these eyes:-
Tween me and resurrection But Paradise doth stand;Then-then for glory dwelling In Immanuel's land.
17. The bride eyes not her garment,But her dear bridegroom's face,I will not gaze at glory,But on my King of Grace -
Not at the crown He giveth, But on His pierced hand; The Lamb is all the glory Of Immanuel's land.
18. I have borne scorn and hatred,I have borne wrong and shame, Earth's proud ones have reproach'd me For Christ's thrice-blessed name:
Where God His seal set fairest They've stampt their foulest brand, But judgment shines like noonday In Immanuel's land.
19. They've summoned me before them, But there I may not come, -My Lord says "Come up hither", My Lord says "Welcome home!"
My kingly King, at His white throne, My presence doth command, Where glory-glory dwelleth In Immanuel's land.