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Barr Barr,
J. "Daniel" in Peake's Commentary. Nelson, 1962.
Bentzer Bentzer,
A. Daniel (HAT). Mohr, 1952.
Bevan Bevan,
A.A. A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel.
Boutflower Boutflower,
C. In and Around the Book of Daniel. Zondervan,1963.
Bravermann Bravermann,
J. Jerome's Commentary on Daniel. Catholic Biblical Association, 1978.
Casey Casey,
M. Son of
Collins Collins,
J.J. Daniel, 1-2 Maccabees. Michael Glazier, 1981.
Colloins (Form) Colloins, J.J. Daniel (The Form
of the Old Testament Literature) Eerdmans, 1984.
Criswell Criswell,
W.A. Daniel. Zondervan, 1970.
Culver Culver,
R. Daniel and the Latter Days. Moody,
1962.
Davies Davies,
P.R. Daniel. JSOT, 1985.
Declor Declor,
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Driver Driver,
S.R. The Book of Daniel.
Ford Ford,
D. Daniel. Southern Publishing Association, 1978.
Gaebelein Gaebelein,
A.C. The Prophet Daniel. Our Hope
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Gammie Gammie,
J.G. Daniel. Knox, 1983.
Ginsberg Ginsberg,
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Gurney Gurney,
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Walter, 1980.
Hammer Hammer,
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Hartman Hartman,
L.F. and Di Lella, A.A. The Book of Daniel (Anchor) Doubleday ¡® Co., 1978.
Heaton Heaton,
E.W. The Book of Daniel. SCM,
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Ironside Ironside,
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Jeffary Jeffary,
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Jerome Jerome's Commentary on Daniel. Baker, 1958.
King King,
G.R. Daniel. Eerdmans, 1966.
Lacocque Lacocque,
A. The Book of Daniel. John
Knox, 1979.
Leupold Leupold,
H.C. Exposition of Daniel. Baker,
1969.
Luck Luck,
G.C. Daniel. Moody, 1958.
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Mickelsen Mickelsen,
A.B. Daniel and Revelation. Thomas
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Porteous Porteous,
N. Daniel (OTL). SCM, 1965.
Pusey Pusey,
E.B. Daniel the Prophet. Funk ¡® Wagnalls, 1985.
Rabbi Rabbi,
I.J. The Aramaic Section of Ezra and Daniel.
Rushdoony Rushdoony,
R.J. Thy Kingdom Come. Thoubum,
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Russell Russell,
D.S. Daniel.
Stevens Stevens,
W.R. The Book of Daniel. Bible
House of
Strauss Strauss,
L. The Prophecies of Daniel. Loizeaux
Brothers, 1969.
Stuart Stuart,
M. A Commentary on the Book of Daniel. Crocker ¡®Brewster, 1850.
Swim Swim,
R.E. "Daniel" in Beacon Bible Commentary. IV. Beacon Hill Press, 1969.
Thomson Thomson,
J.E.H. "Daniel" in The Pulpit Commentary. Funk ¡® Wagnalls, 1909.
Towner Towner,
W.S. Daniel. Knox, 1984.
Unger Unger,
M.F. Unger's Commentary on the Old Testament. II. Moody, 1981.
Walvoord Walvoord,
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Whitcomb Whitcomb,
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Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1975 (Third Printing)
Wiseman Wiseman,
D.J. et al. Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel. Tyndale, 1965.
Wood Wood,
F.M. The Dilema of Daniel.
Broadman, 1985.
Wood Wood,
L.A Commentary on Daniel.
Zondervan, 1973.
Wordsworth Wordsworth,
C. "Daniel" in Commentary on the Holy Bible. VI. Rington, 1876.
Young Young,
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Zockler Zockler,
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¤B¥ß¤¶ ¤B¥ß¤¶¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¦Ò¸Ô¡C²Ð¤HÂO®Ñ½s¿è³B¡A1965¡]²Ä¤Tª©¡^
¦Ì°Ç¼w ¦Ì°Ç¼w¡C²{¥N¤¤¤å¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡CºØ¬ó¡A1984¡]¦Aª©¡^¡C
¦ó¼}¸q ¦ó¼}¸q¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¿Ý¨¥ªº«G¥ú¡C¤¤µØ¯«¾Ç°|¡A1970¡C
J¨½©ù J¨½©ù¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬ã¸g¾ÉŪ¡C¤Ñ¹D¡A1985¡C
«ä°ª «ä°ª¡C¹F¥§º¸¡A¤Q¤G¤p¥ýª¾¡C«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|¡A1954¡C
ð¦ö¤§ ð¦ö¤§¡C¥Ã«í¡C®û«H·|¡A1984¡]¦Aª©¡^¡C
³¯¤è ³¯¤è¡C¹w¨¥¤§Æ_¡G¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¹w¨¥¤§¬ã¨s¡C¥[®¦¡A1983¡C
µØ°Ç´µ µØ°Ç´µ¡C¸U¤ý¤§¤ý¡C®Õ¶é¡A1981¡C
¸ë¥É»Ê ¸ë¥É»Ê¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ·sÁ¿¸q¡C¤Ö¦~Âk¥DªÀ¡A1972¡]¦Aª©¡^¡C
»C»²¥Á »C»²¥Á¡C¦ý¥H²z®ÑÄÀ¸q¡C«Å¹D¡A1954¡C
Á¨q¶¯ Á¨q¶¯¡C·R»P§Æ±æªº«H®§¡C¤åÃÀ¡A1987¡C
Ĭ¦õ´ Ĭ¦õ´¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¡C¤Ñ¤H¡A1983¡C
¤G¡B¨ä¥L
AASOR Annual
of the American Schools of Oriental Research
ANET Ancient
Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Pritchard, J.B., ed.;
Princeton:
BA Biblical
Archaeologist
BASOR Bulletin
of the American Schools of Oriental Research
BDB F.
Brown, S.R. Driver,
BJRL Bulletin
of the
BS Bibliotheca
Sacra
BZAW Beihefte
zur Zeitschrift fundie Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
CBQ Catholic
Biblical Quarterly
DOTT D.W.
Thomas ed., Documents from Old Testament Times
ed. Editor,
edited by
EQ Evangelical
Quarterly
ERT Evangelical
Review of Theology
ExpT Expository
Times
HTR Harvard
Theological Review
HUCA
IB The
Interpreter's Bible, ed., G. Buttrick.
IBD Illustrated
Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer 3 parts; Leicester, 1980.
ibid. ibidem,
in the same place
ICC The
International Critical Commentary of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New
Testament, eds., S.R. Driver, A. Plummer, and
C.A. Briggs.
IDB The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G.A. Buttrick et al. 4 volumes;
JAOS Journal
of the American Oriental Society
JBL Journal
of Biblical Literature
JCS Journal
of Cuneiform Studies
JETS Journal
of the Evangelical Theological Society
JNES Journal
of Near Eastern Studies
JPOS Journal
of
JQR Jewish
Quarterly Review
JSOT Journal
for the Study of the Old Testament
JTC Journal
for the Theolgoy and the Church
JTS Journal
of Theological Studies
MT Masoretic
Text
NASB New
American Standard Bible
NCB New
Century Bible
n.d. no
date
NICOT R.K.
NIDNTT New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. C. Brown; E.T., 3
vols.; Grand Rapids, 1975-78.
NIV New
International Version
OTL Old
Testament Library
OTS Oudtestamentische
Studien
PEQ
RB Revue
Biblique
RSV Revised
Standard Version
RV Revised
Version
TDNT Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G.W. Bromiley; E.T., 9 vols.; Grand
Rapids, 1964-74.
TOTC Tyndale
Old Testament Commentary
TWOT Harris,
L. ed., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Moody, 1980.
VT Vetus
Testamentum
WTJ
ZAW Zeitschrift
fur die Altestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZPEB Zondervan
Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, ed. M.C. Tenney et al.; 5 vols.;
¦êÄÀ ¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡DµùÄÀ¥»¡]¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡^»´äÃÒ¹D¡A1986
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ÂÂÄÀ ¬ùÄÀ¸q¥þ®Ñ¤T¤@¤å¤Æ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1978¡]¦Aª©¡^
Áú©Ó¨} ¸t¸g¤pÃã¨å«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|¡A1983
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2.(a)°µ¹Ú©Î¨£²§¶H¡F(b)¤ýªº¿Ñ¤h¤£¯à¸ÑÄÀ¡F(c)¦ý¥H²z«o¯à¸ÑÄÀ¡F(d)¦ý¥H²zÀò´£¤É©Î¼ú½à¡F(e)¤ý¦]¦¹±o±x¦ý¥H²zªº¤W«Ò°¶¤j¡C¥»®Ñªº²Ä¤G¡B²Ä¥|¡B²Ä¤³¹´N¬O±Ä¥Î³oºØ±Ôzªº¤è¦¡¡C2
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¢»¡@²Ä¤G³¹©M²Ä¤C³¹³£¬O½×¤Î¥|Ó«Ò°ê¡A²Ä¤T©M²Ä¤»³¹³£´yz©¾¤ß©ó¤W«Òªº¤H¦bWÃø¤¤¡]¤õû@©M·à¤l§|¡^Àò±o©_§®ªº¬@±Ï¡A²Ä¥|³¹©M²Ä¤³¹³£°Oz¬Ó«Òź¶Æ¦Ó³Q¤W«Ò¦D»@¡]°ß¤@¤£¦Pªº¬O¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¦³¾÷·|«±o¤ýÅv¡A¦Ó§B¨F¼»«o¨S¦³¡^¡C4¬G¦¹¡A²Ä¤G¦Ü¤C³¹¤D¬O¥æ¤eªº¥¿Å±Æ¦C¡C5¦Ó²Ä¥|³¹©M²Ä¤³¹¤D¬O³o´X³¹ªº¤¤¤ß¡A´N¬O¤W«Òn¨D¤H´L«Í¢ªº¥DÅv¡A¤£n¦Û¥H¬°¤F¤£°_¡A¦ÓÁ¶Âp©M§ðÀ»¤W«Ò¡C
¢¼¡@²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹°Oz¦ý¥H²z¯à°÷¬°¤ý¸ÑÄÀ²§¶H©M¹Ú¡C¦b²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹¥L«o»Ýn¤Ñ¨Ï¬°¥L¸ÑÄÀ©Ò¨£ªº²§¶H©Î¦V¥L¶Ç»¼±Ò¥Ü¡C
¢½¡@²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹±j½Õ¦ý¥H²z©M¤TӤͤH¦p¦ó±¹ï«H¥õªº¬D¾Ô©M±Ã¤ã¡A±¹ï¦M¾÷¤´µM¹ï¤W«Ò©¾s¡C²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹«o§âµJÂIÂà´«¦ÜµS¤j¾ãÓ°ê®a¡A¥þ³¡ªº¿ï¥Á³£n¦b¦M¾÷¤¤§à¾Ü¬O§_¤£±¤©Ê©R¶¶±q¤W«Ò¡C·íµM¡A¦ý¥H²z©M¤T¤Í¦b²Ä¤@¡B¤T¡B¤»³¹©ÒÀòªº®¦¨å¹ï©ó²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹ªºµS¤Ó¤H±N·|¬O²ö¤j¹ªÀy¡C
¢¾¡@²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹¹ï¥~¨¹¤Hªº¬Ó«Ò¦³¸û·Å©Mªº´yz¡]§B¨F¼»©Ò¨üªº§å§P³ÌÄY¼F¡^¡A¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹«o§â¥~¨¹§g¤ý¡]¤×¨ä¬O¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@¡^µø§@»P¤W«Ò¬°¼Äªº´c¤H¡C6
¢¿¡@²Ä¤@³¹¶}©v©ú¸q¦a°OzµS¤j°ê·À¤`¡A¸t·µªº¾¹¥×¤]³Q±a¨ì¤Ú¤ñÛ¡A¦Ó²Ä¤Q¤G³¹µ²§ô®É´£¤Î¦ý¥H²zn©Ó¨ü¤W«Ò¬°¥L¹w³Æªº²£·~¡A·t¥Ü¤W«Ò°ê«×ªº«Ø¥ß¡C³oºØ¹ï¤ñ¤Ï¬M¥X¡uº§À¬ÛÀ³¡v¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A²Ä¤@³¹«ü¥X¦ý¥H²z©M¤T¤Í³Q¤W«Ò½ç´¼¼zÁo©ú¡]¤@17¡B20¸`¡^¡A¦Ó²Ä¤Q¤G³¹°Oz´¼¼z¤H¥²µo¥ú¡A¤GªÌ¤¬¦³Ãö«Y¡C7
1 Davies, 51-52;
2 ¦³Ãö³o¨âºØÅéµôªºµ²ºc¡A°ÑW.L. Humphreys, "A Life-Style for
Diaspora: A study of the Tales of Esther and Daniel" JBL 92: 211-213;
S. Niditeh and R. Doran, "The Success Story of The Wise Courtier: A Formal
Approach" JBL 96: 179-197.
3 Ãö©ó³o´XÓ²§¶Hªº²Õ¦¨¡A°Ñ J.G. Gammie, "The Classification,
Stages of Growth and Changing Intention in the Book of Daniel" JBL 95:
191-204.
4 Ford, 28.
5 abc-cba; ¦³Ãö¦¹ºØ¥æ¤e¥¿Å¡]Chiastic¡^, °ÑJ.
Baldwin, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi ¡]IVP, 1972¡^, 74-80.
7 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹ªº°O¸ü¡]»P¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹ªº²§¶H¬Û¥é¡^¤£¬O¯u¨Æ¡A¬é¬O·Q¹³©Mµêºcªº¬G¨Æ¡A¦]³o¨Ç°O¸ü³£´£¤Î¤@¨Ç¯«©_©Ç½Ïªº¨Æ±¡¡A¬é¤£¹L¬O¥sŪªÌ©ÎÅ¥²³·P¨ì¹ª»R¡A¨Ã¤£¬O°Oz¨Æ¹ê¡F³o»¡ªk¦n¹³°²³]¤F¤Z¦³¶W¦ÛµM¦¨¤Àªº°O¸ü³£¤£¬O¯u¨Æ¡A°Z¤£¬Oµ¥©ó»¡¸t¸gªº¯«Âݳ£¨S¦³µo¥Í¹L¡Hµ§ªÌ¤£¯à»{¦P³o¬Ýªk¡FCollins, 41.
¡]¤G¡^¦ý¥H²z®ÑªºI´º
«ö·Ó¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´£¥Ü¡A²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹ªº°Ozµo¥Í©ó¤Ú¤ñÛªº¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¤ý¡A¤j§Q¯Q¤ýªº®É¥N¡F¦Ó²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹«h¹w¨¥¦bªi´µ©M§Æþ«Ò°ênµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡C
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1.¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¡]604-562 B.C.¡^
¥L¬O·s¤Ú¤ñ۰ꪺ³Ð©l¤H®³¥¬´¶©Ô¼»ªº¨à¤l¡C8¦b¥D«e¤»¡³¤¦~ªº®L¤Ñ¡A¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»±a»â¤@¤äx¶¤¬ðŧ{°ò¦Ì´µ¡A±þ·À¸Ó³Bªº®J¤Î¾nx¡C·í¥L¥¿nÄ~Äò°l±þ¦Ü®J¤ÎÃä¬É®É¡A±µ¨ì¤÷¿Ë³u¥@ªº®ø®§¡A¥ß¨è»°¦^°êÄ~©Ó¤ý¦ì¡C³~¤¤¡A¥L¾Û¥h¤FµS¤j¤@¨ÇÀu¨q«C¦~¡A¦ý¥H²z¤]¦b¨ä¤¤¡C
¥D«e¤»¡³¤@¦~¡A¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¦A¦¸¶i§ð®J¤Î¡A«o¾Ô±Ñ¡F¥Lªºªþ±e°ê¡]¥]¬AµS¤j¤ý¬ù¶®·q¡^¤£¦A¦V¥L¶i°^¡C¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»©ó¬O«·s¸Ë³Æx¶¤¡A¦A¦¸¦è©º¡A¥L¿Ë¦Û±a§L¹Î§ðC¸ô¼»§N¡F´N¦b³ò§ð«e¤TÓ¤ë¡AµS¤j¤ý¬ù¶®·q³u¥@¡A¨à¤l¬ù¶®¤çÄ~¦ì¡C¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¤jx©ó¥D«e¤¤E¤C¦~§ð¤JC¸ô¼»§N«°¡A¬ù¶®¤ç¥H¤Î¤j³¡¥÷ªº¬Ó«Ç¤Hû©M¦Ú¹²¡AÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h¤W¼hªÀ·|ªº¤Hª«¡]¦@¤T¤d¦h¤H¡^¡A³£³Q¾Û¨ì¤Ú¤ñÛ¡A¥H¦èµ²¤]¦b³Q¾Ûªº¤H¤¤¡A¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¥ß¦è©³®a¥N´À¬ù¶®¤ç¬°µS¤j¤ý¡C9
¦è©³®a«á¨Ó¨Ì¿à®J¤ÎI«q¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¡A¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¦]¦¹®t¬£¤Ú¤ñÛ¤jx¦A¦¸¶i§ðµS¤j¡A²×©ó¥D«e¤¤K¤C¦~§ð¯}«°Àð¡A¤jÁ|¤J«°¡C¦è©³®a¦VªF«n¤è°k©R¡A«o³Q®»®³¡A²´·ú³Qæ¡A±a¨ì¤Ú¤ñÛ¦bºÊº»ùث׹L¾l¥Í¡C
¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¦º«á¡A¨à¤l¥H¥¼¦Ìù¹F¦b¥D«e¤¤»¤G¦~Ä~¦ì¡C10¥LÄ~¦ì«á¨â¦~¡A¦b«qÅܤ¤³Q±þ¡A¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¤k´B¥§¥Ò¨F§QÁ§Ä~¦ì¡C11¥§¥Ò¨F§QÁ§¦b¦ì¤£¹L¥|¦~«K¦º¤F¡A°ê®a¤S³´¤J²V¶Ãª¬ºA¡A¥L¥¼¦¨¦~ªº¨à¤l¤Ú¬Iº¿«×¤S³Q±þ¡C12³Ì«á¡A®³¤Ú¥§«×¹Ü¨ú¤F¬FÅvµn¤W¤Ú¤ñÛªºÄ_®y¡C
2.®³¤Ú¥§«×¡]555-539 B.C.¡^
¥L´¿¹Ü¨ú¤F¨È©Ô§B¨Fºz¥_³¡ªº´£º¿«°¡A13§â¸Ó«°·í§@¤Ú¤ñ۰ꪺ²Ä¤GÓº³£¡F¥Ñ©ó¥Lªø´Á©~¦í©ó´£º¿¡]552-545
B.C.¡^¡A¥L«ü¬£ªø¤l§B¨F¼»¦b¤Ú¤ñÛ«°´À¥LÄá¬F¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥L³ßÅw·q«ô¤ë¯«¡u¨¯¡v¦Ó¬G·N©¿µø¤Ú¤ñÛªº°ê¯«º¿«×¡A14¬Æ¦Ü§â¡u¨¯¡vµø¬°¤Ú¤ñÛ°ê³Ì°ª¶Wªº¥D¯«¡A¨ú¥N¤Fº¿«×ªº¦a¦ì¡A¤ÞPº¿«×ªº²½¥q©M¤Ú¤ñÛªº©~¥Á¹ï¥L¤Q¤À¤Ï·P¡C
3.§B¨F¼»¡]550-539 B.C.Äá¬F¡^
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8 ®³¥¬´¶©Ô¼»¡]Nabopolassar¡^¥»¬O¤@Ó{°Ç©³¤ý¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¤»¤G¤¦~¦b¤Ú¤ñÛ§@¤ý¡A³Ð¥ß¤F¤@Ó¦³¤Oªº¤ý°ê¡C
9 ¦³Ãö¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¡]Nebuchadrezzar¡^·´·ÀµS¤j°êªº¸Ô±¡¡A°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A¥H¦â¦C»P¦C°ê¥v¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1983¡^¡A112-127.
10 ¥H¥¼¦Ìù¹F¡]Evil-Merodach¡^´¿ÄÀ©ñ¬ù¶®¤ç¥XºÊ¡A½ç¥L°ª¦ì¡A¨Ï¥L°ª¹L³Q¾Û¨ì¤Ú¤ñÛªº¨ä¥L°ê¤ý¡]¤ý¤U¤Ü¤27-28¡^¡C
11 ¥§¥Ò¨F§QÁ§¡]Nergal-Sharezer¡^¥Ñ¥D«e¤¤»¡³¦Ü¤¤¤»¦~§@¤ý¡F§Æþ¥v®aºÙ¥L¬°¥§¤OĬ¼»¡]Neriglissar¡^¡C
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14 ¬Û¶Ç®³ªi¥§«×¥X¨©ó"¨¯"¡]Sin¡^ªº²½¥q¶¥¯Å¡]¥L¥À¿Ë¬O"¨¯"¼qªº¤@¦ì¤k²½¥q¡^¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A¨â¬ù¤¤¶¡¥v²¤¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1978¡^¡A35.
15 ®³ªi¥§«×°ù¤F¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¤k¨à§õ¹D¸ª´µ¡]Nitocris¡^¡C
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1.¥j¦C¡]538-530 B.C.¡^
º¿¥N¤H¥»©~¦í©ó¤µ¤é¥ì®Ô°ê¤gªº¥_³¡¡A¦Óªi´µ±Ú«h©~«n³¡¡Cº¿¥Nªº©~¨È¼»¦C¤@¥@´¿»P¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»Áp¤â§ð¥´¨Èz¡C16·í©~¨È¼»¦C¤@¥@ªº¨à¤l¨È¤h©«°òÄ~¦ì«á¡A17«n¤èªºªi´µ¿³°_¤F¶¯¤~¤j²¤ªº¥j¦C¤ý¡C
¥j¦C¥»¬O¥ì®Ô«n³¡ªº¦w¬À¤ý¡A¥D«e¤¤¤E¦~¤w²Îªvªi´µ±Ú¡C·í®Éªi´µ±Ú¬Oº¿¥Nªºªþ±e°ê¡A¨ü¨È¤h©«°ò½Ñ¦hÀ£¨î¡C¥D«e¤¤¡³¦~¡A¥j¦C´¦¬ñ¦Ó°_¡A¹ê¦æ«qÅÜ¡C¥L¥´±Ñ¤F¨È¤h©«°ò¡A¨Ö§]¤Fº¿¥N¡C¥j¦C¸òµÛ¦V¦è¥X§L¡A©Ò¦V©ÜÃû¡A¥s³\¦h°ê®a¦ÚªA¡F¥L©ó¥D«e¤¤T¤E¦~»âx¶i§ð¤Ú¤ñÛ¡A¤£¶O§j¦Ç¤§¤O«K¨ú±o¤F¤Ú¤ñÛ«°¡A¦]º¿«×ªº²½¥q©M¤j³¡¤Àªº¤Ú¤ñÛ¤H¡A³£¦]°Q¹½®³ªi¥§«×¦Ó¥D°Ê¥´¶}«°ªùªï±µªi´µx¤J«°¡C°¶¤jªºªi´µ«Ò°ê¥¿¦¡¿³°_¡C18
¬JµM¤Ú¤ñÛ¤`°êªº¤@Ó¥D¦]´N¬O®³ªi¥§«×»´µø¤Ú¤ñÛªº°ê¯«º¿«×¡A¥j¦C¦]¦¹¾Ç¨ì¤@ÓÄ_¶Qªº¥\½Ò¡G¦pªG¥LnÀò±o¦U°ê¤H¥Á´L«¥L¡A¥L¥²¥ýn´L«¦U°êªº°ê¯«¡F«á¨Ó¥Lã³\³Q¾Û¨ì¤Ú¤ñÛªºµS¤Ó¤H¦^°ê««Ø¸t·µ¤]¥i¯à»P¥L³oºØ¤ßºA¦³Ãö¡]·íµM¡A¥L³o¼Ë°µ¬O²Å¦X´xºÞ¤@¤Áªº¤W«Òªº¦®·N¡^¡C19
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2.¥Ì«ô¦è¡]530-522 B.C.¡^
¥Ì«ô¦è¦b¦ì³Ì¤jªº¥\ÁZ¬O©ºªA¤F®J¤Î¡C¥L´¿¦]ÃhºÃ§Ì§Ì¤h¨C§Ì«qÅܦӧâ§Ì§Ì±þ¦º¡C«á¨Ó¦³¤@¦ì³N¤h¦ÛºÙ¬°¤h¨C§Ì¡A°_¦Ó«qÅÜ¡A¦Û¥D¬°¤ý¡F¦b®J¤Î»·©ºªº¥Ì«ô¦è«æ³tªð°ê¡A³~¤¤Ö`µM¾r±Y¡C
¥Ì«ô¦è¦º«á¡A°ê®a¤j¶Ã¡Aª½¦Ü¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@µn¦ì¡A¤º³¡¯Éª§¤~µ²§ô¡C
3.¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¡]522-466 B.C.¡^
¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¥Dn¨ÆÂݦ³¤T¡F²Ä¤@¡A¥Lµn°ò«á«K¬£§L¨ì¦U¦a¥©w«qÅÜ¡A¤SP¤O¶}©Ýªi´µ°êªºÃ¦°ì¡A¥Lªº«Ò°êª©¹Ï±q¦L«×ªe¦ù®i¨ì·Rµ^®ü¡A±q¶Â®üªu©¤¥_¹F¦h·êªe¡C20²Ä¤G¡A¥L§ï²Õ¬F©²¡A±N«Ò°ê¹º¤À¬°´XÓ¤j°Ï¡A¦U°Ï¦³Á`·þºÞ²z¡C²Ä¤T¡A¥L¯°°¨¼F§L¡A»P§ÆþÁp¨¹¹ï§Ü¡A¤Þµo¤F¨È¤O¤s¤j¤é«á§ð¥´ªi´µ¡]¤K6-7¡^¡C
¦b¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@µn¦ìªì´Á¡A¥ýª¾«¢¸Ó©M¼»{§Q¨È©ó¥D«e¤¤G¡³¦~¹ªÀy³Q¾ÛÂk¦^ªºµS¤Ó¤H«ì´_¤wÀÁ¸m¤F¤Q¦h¦~ªº««Ø¸t·µªº¤u§@¡C
4.¨È«¢ÀH¾|¡]486-465 B.C.¡^
¥L¤S¦WÁ§¦è¡A´¿°ù¥H´µ©«¬°¤ý¦Z¡F¦¹¥~¡A¥L¥©w¤F¦b®J¤Î©M¤Ú¤ñÛªº«q¶Ã¡A¥B±a»âºë¾U¤jx§ð¥´§Æþ¡]¤Q¤@2¡^¡Aµ²ªG¥L¡¦Y±Ñ¥M¡A¦AµL¤O¶q¥X©º§Æþ¡C
¥D«e¥|¤»¤¦~¨È«¢ÀH¾|¬°¦Û¤vªº¦Ú¹²±þ®`21¡A¥Ñ¨à¤l¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@Ä~¦ì¡C
5.¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@¡]465-424 B.C.¡^
¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@¦b¦ì´Á¶¡¡A¥H´µ©Ô©M¥§§Æ¦Ì¬ÛÄ~ÀòãÂk°ê¡A¨ó§UC¸ô¼»§N««Ø«°Àð©M±À¦æ§ï²¡C
¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@·í¬F®É¡A¤@¤è±n¹ï¥I®J¤Îªº«qÅÜ¡A¥t¤@¤è±¤S³Q§Æþ«I²¤¡F°¶¤jªºªi´µ«Ò°ê¶}©l°I¸¨¡C¥L¥H«áªº´XÓªi´µ¤ý³£¨S¦³¬Æ»ò§@¬°¡F³Ì«á¡A¤j§Q¯Q¤T¥@¡]336-331 B.C.¡^¦]°kÁרȤO¤s¤j¦Ó³Q³¡Äݨë±þ¡A½÷·×ªºªi´µ«Ò°ê´N¦¹µ²§ô¡C
16 ©~¨È¼»¦C¡]Cyaxares¡^¦b¦ì¥|¤Q¦~¡]¥D«e¤»¤G¤¦Ü¤¤K¤¦~¡^¡AÁ¤ͤý¡A50.
17 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¨È¤h©«°ò¡]Astyages¡^´N¬O¦ý¥H²z®Ñ©Ò»¡ªº¡uº¿¥N¤H¤j§Q¯Q¡v¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A51.
18 ¦³Ãö¥j¦C¦p¦ó¤£µo¤@½b«K¦û»â¤F¤Ú¤ñÛ«°¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¥Lªº¶ê¬W¸O¤å¡]Cyrus
Cylinder¡^¡FDOTT, 81-92.
19 ·í®É°£¤F¦b¤Ú¤ñÛ¦³¤@úó³Q¾ÛªºµS¤Ó¤H¥~¡A¦b®J¤Îªº¥ì¨½ªâ¥Ð¤]¦³¤£¤ÖµS¤Ó¤H»E©~¡A¥ì¨½ªâ¥Ðªº¤åÄm¡]Elephantine Papyri¡^´£¨Ñ¤F³\¦h¦³Ãö¥L̪º¸ê®Æ¡]¯S§O¬O¥LÌ««Ø¸Ó¦a¸t·µªº¨Æ±¡¡^¡F°ÑB. Porten, Archives from Elephantive¡]Berkeley, 1968¡^.
20 ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A340.
21 ±þ¦º¨È«¢ÀH¾|ªº¤j¦Ú¦W¥s¨È¹F¯Z¾|´µ¡]Artabanus¡^¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A64.
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1.¨È¤O¤s¤j¡]336-323 B.C.¡^
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¨È¤O¤s¤jªº«Â»®¾Ô¥\¤H©Ò©Pª¾¡F¥Lµn¦ì¥ý«á¦û¤Fªi´µ¡BµÌ¥§°ò¡B®J¤Î¡A¥LÀHú¦©º°QÃ䶫¡A»·§ð¦L«×¡Aª½¹F³ß°¨©Ô¶®¤sÄS¡C¥L©Ò¦VµL¼Ä¡A«Ü§Ö«K«Ø¥ß¤F¤@Ó¾î¸ó¤T¤j¬wªº§Æþ«Ò°ê¡F¥¿¦pº¿¥[¤ñ®Ñ§@ªÌ©Ò»¡¡G¡u¥L¨¸g¦Ê¾Ô¡A¹ÜÀò³\¦h°íÂS¡A±Ù±þ¦U¦a°ê¤ý¡C¥L¶]¹M¤j¦a¥|·¥¡A¾Û±°¤F³\¦h¥Á±Ú©M°]ª«¡A¤j¦a¦b¥L±«e°×¨¥µLÁn¡A¦]¦¹¥Lªº¤ß§Ó°ª¶Æ¡A¦k¦Û´L¤j¡v¡]º¿¥[¤ñ³ü®Ñ¤@2-4¡^¡C22
¨È¤O¤s¤j´¿®v¨Æ§ÆþµÛ¦Wõ¾Ç®a¨È¨½¤h¦h¼w¡A¥L¦³¤@Ó²z·Q¡A´N¬O§â©Ò«I¦ûªº¦U°ê§Æþ¤Æ¡F¥Ln§â§Æþªº¤å¤Æ¨î«×¡A¥H¤Î»y¨¥¤Î¤@¤Á·«U²ß©|¡AÄé¿éµ¹³Q¥L©ºªAªº¥Á±Ú¡C¥L¬ß±æ§âªF¤è¡]¥]¬A¨Èz¡B¤Ú¤ñÛ¡Bªi´µ¡B®J¤Î¡^ªº¤å¤Æ©M§Æþ¤å¤Æ¦@§M¤@Äl¡C
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2.«n°ê¦h§Q¶R¤ý´Â
¦h§Q¶R¤@¥@«Ø°ê«áªº¤@¦Ê¦~¡A¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z³£Âk«n°ê©ÒºÞÁÒ¡C³o¤@¥@¬ö¤¤¡AµS¤Ó¤H¨É¦³±q«e¦bªi´µ²Îªv¤UªºÅv§Q¡A¥un«ö®É¦V«n°ê¶i°^¡A¨ä¥Lªº¨Æ¦h§Q¶R¤ý´Â¤£¥[¥H¤z¹w¡A¥ô¥Ñ¤j²½¥q²ÎªvµS¤Ó¤H¡A¤j²½¥qªº¦a¦ì¤éº¥´£°ª¡A²½¥q¶¥¼h¤]¦¨¬°ªÀ·|ªº»â¾É¶¥¯Å¡C
¦P®É¡A¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªºµS¤Ó¤H¾E±p¹´©~©ó®J¤Î¡F23¥L̦b®J¤Î¨É¦³«Ü¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ©M¦w¹ç¡A¦Ó¥B¦³¦a¦ì©M°]²£¡C¥L̫ܧִN±Ä¨ú§Æþ»y¬°¥À»y¡A¤£¯àŪ§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªºÂ¬ù¸t¸g¡A¥u¦³§â¬ùªº¸t¸gĶ¦¨§Æþ¤å¡A´N¬OµÛ¦Wªº¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡C24
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¬é¬O¨ì¤F¥L¨à¤l¦è¬y¥j¥|¥@§@¤ý®É¡A¬°¤F¥I²M¦Vù°¨¶i°^ªº½ß´Ú¡A¦è¬y¥j¥|¥@¥ø¹Ï±°¹ÜC¸ô¼»§N¸t·µÄ_®wªºª÷»È¡A¥_°ê¢®`µS¤Ó¤Hªº§Ç¹õ´N¦¹´¦¶}¡C·í¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@°õ¬F«á¡AµS¤Ó¤H¸g¾ú¨ì¥L̾ú¥v¤W²Ä¤@¦¸³Ì¤jªº©v±Ð¢®`¡]¸Ô²Ó½Ð°Ñ²Ä¤C¡B¤K¡B¤E¡B¤Q¤@³¹ªº¸àÄÀ¡^¡C
¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@ªº¢®`¨Ï¤HÃþ¾ú¥v¤Wµo¥Í¤F¤@¥óÅå¤Hªº¥v¨Æ¡Cì¨Ó¦³¤@úó¤H³ºµM¤£±¤¥H¨®î¹D¡A¾Ä°_¤Ï§Ü©v±Ð¢®`¡A³o´N¬Oº¿¥[¤ñªº²©R¡C
22 «ä°ª¡A16.
23 ¾Ú»¡¦b¥D«á²Ä¤@¥@¬ö¤´¦³¤@¦Ê¸UªºµS¤Ó¤H¦b®J¤Î¹´©~¡F¥¬¿à¯S¡A353-354.
24 ®Ú¾Ú¨È§Q¤h´£´µ«H¤ã¡]Letters of Aristeas¡^¡A¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@¬°¤F§âµS¤Ó¤Hªº¸t¸g¦¬Âæb¥L¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤¤¡A¬Gn¨DC¸ô¼»§Nªº¤j²½¥q®t¬£¤C¤Q¤G¦ìºë³q§Æ§B¨Ó¤å©M§Æþ¤åªº¾ÇªÌ©¹¨È¾ú¤s¤j«°Â½Ä¶Â¬ù¸t¸g¡A¥L̦b¤C¤Q¤G¤Ñ¤º«K§â¼¯¦è¤¸gĶ¦¨§Æþ¤å¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A167.
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25 °¨¥L´£¨È¡]Mattathiah¡^¦í¦b¼¯¤BÂí¡]Modin¡^¡C
26 ³oÄm·µ¸`ºÙ¬°¡uº~¸ô¥d¡v¸`¡]Festival of Hannukkah¡^¡A©Î§@"²³¥ú¸`"¡A¦]µS¤Ó¤H¦u¸`ªº¦b®a¿UÂIÀë¥ú¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A206.
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29 µÌ¤O¨È¤O²Ä¯Q¡]Philip Arrhidaeus¡^¤D¬O¨È¾ú¤O¤s¤j¦P¤÷²§¥Àªº§Ì§Ì¡C
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Í¢ªº¿ï¥Á¥Ç¸oI°f¡AÍ¢Ãg»@¥LÌ¡A¨Ï¥LÌ°ê¯}®a¤`¡A³Q¾Û¨ì²§¨¹¡]¤E5-14¡^¡CÍ¢¦P¼Ë«öú¦¦C°ê©M¦C¤ý©Ò°µªº¼f§P¥LÌ¡]¥|29-32¡A¤22-28¡A¤C9-12¡A¤K23-26¡A¤E27¡A¤Q¤@45¡^¡C¥L̾D¨ü¦D»@¡A¥D¦]¬O¥LÌź¶Æ¦Û¤j¡A¤£©Ó»{¤W«Ò´xºÞ¸U¦³¡F¥L̵ø¦Û¤v¬°¥Í©Rªº¥D®_¡A´¬±ó¤W«Ò¥ô·N¦Ó¦æ¡C
§@¬°¤@Ó¤jªk©x¡AÍ¢¤£¶È¬O¤½¸q¡]¤E14¡^¡A¤]¬Oº¡¦³¼¦¼§¡]¥|26¡A¤E4¡B9¡B18¡^¡C
¢¼¡@C©MµØn¨DÍ¢¤l¥Á©¾s
¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº§@ªÌºÙµS¤Ó¤H¬°¡u¸t¥Á¡v¡]¤C18¡B21-22¡B25¡B27¡A¤Q¤G7¡B10¡^¡A¥LÌn¤À§O¥X¨Ó¡A¤£¬°¥@«U¬¿¦Ã¡A¤~¥i¥H¦¨¬°²½¥q©M°ê«×¡A±a»â¥~¨¹Âk¦V¤W«Ò¡C
µL½×¬O±¹ï¤ý©Ò½çªº¬ü¹¡A©Î¬O¤õû@»P·à¤l§|¡A¥L̳£¤£¥i¥H§´¨ó¡A§K±o¹ï¤W«Ò¤£©¾¡CµL½×¤W«Ò¬O§_¬@±Ï¥L̲æÂ÷·í«eªº«æÃø¡A¥LÌ´NºâÄ묹¥Í©R¡A¤´n©¾s¡]¤T16-17¡^¡C³o¼Ë¡A¤W«Ò·|§â¥Ã»·ªº°ê½à½çµ¹¥LÌ¡]¤C27¡^¡C
±Ò¥Ü¿ý¦P¼Ë«ü¥X¤W«Ò¬O¦Ü°ª©M´xºÞ¤@¤Áªº¡A¤]¬O¤@¦ì¤½¥ªº¼f§P©x¡A¦]¦¹«H®{¦b¥ô¦ó¹Òªp¤¤¹ïÍ¢«O«ù©¾s¡C32
¦¹¥~¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ´£¨Ñ¤F«Ü¦hÃö©ó¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡v©M¡u´_¬¡¡vªº«H®§¡A33¤×¨ä¬O¦³Ãö¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡vªº¤¶²Ð¤D¬O¬ù¸t¸g³Ì¸ÔºÉªº¡A¤W«Òªº¤Ñ¨Ï¤£¦ý§âÍ¢ªº±Ò¥Ü¶Ç»¼µ¹¦ý¥H²z¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¤Ñ¤W¬°¿ï¥Áª§¾Ô¡]¤Q13¡A¤Q¤G1¡^¡A©Ò¥H¡A¥LÌ¥i¥H©ñ¤ß«H¾a¤W«Ò¡C
31 ºÙ©I¤W«Ò¬O¡u¦Ü°ªªÌ¡v¦h¥X©ó¥~¨¹¤Hªº¤f¡A¦p³Á°ò¬~¼w¡]³Ð¤Q¥|18¡^¡B¤ÚÄõ¡]¥Á¤Ü¥|16¡^¡B¨Èz¤ý¡]ÁɤQ¥|14¡^¡AÁÙ¦³°¨¥iºÖµ¤7¡F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¤»17¡C
32 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñ©M±Ò¥Ü¿ý¯«¾Ç«ä·QªºÃö«Y¡A°Ñ A.B.
Mickelson, Daniel ¡® Revelation: Riddles or Realities ¡]Thomas Nelson, 1984¡^; G.K.
Beale, "The Influence of Daniel upon the Structure and Theology of John's
Apocalypse" JETS 27: 413-424.
33 Walvoord, 26.
¡]¥|¡^¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤§¥Øªº
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¢¼¡@«ç¼Ë¥i¥H¦¨¬°¤@Ó¦³´¼¼zªº¤H¡H
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¦ý¥H²z©M¤T¤Í¤D¬O³z¹L¬èë©MŪ¸gÀò±o¤W«Ò½ç¤U´¼¼z©M±Ò¥Ü¡]¤G18¡A¤E2¡A¤Q2¡B3¡B12¡^¡AÃø©Ç²Ä¤»³¹±j½Õ¦ý¥H²z¤@¤é¤T¦¸Ã«§i¡C·í¤@Ó¤HÄ@·NÂǵÛŪ¸g©Më§i»P¤W«Ò¬Û¥æ¡A¥L¦ÛµM¥i¥H³z¹L»P¤W«Ò¬Û¥æ§ó»{ÃÑÍ¢¡AÀò±o¯u´¼¼z¡C¦pªG§Ú̯u¥¿»{ÃѤW«Ò¡A¨Ã¥B¦³ÄÝÆFªº³zµø¡A§ÚÌ´N¥i¥H¦b¤W«Ò¦n¹³¨IÀq®É¤´¹ïÍ¢¦³«H¤ß©M©¾s¡]¤T16-17¡^¡C
Á`¬A¨Ó»¡¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ±Ð¾É³Q¾ÛªºµS¤Ó¤H¬Ý«»P¤W«Òªº¬Û¥æ¡AÂǦ¹¯u¥¿»{ÃѤW«Ò¡A¨Ã¥B±oµÛ¯u´¼¼z¡Aª¾¹D¤W«Ò¬O¤£¨üÀô¹Ò¨îªº¡C³oºØÄÝÆFªº³zµø¾ÉP¹ï¤W«Ò¦³«H¤ß¡A¦³Áx¶q±¹ï«H¥õªº¬D¾Ô©M¢®`¡AÄ~Äò©¾s©ó¤W«Ò¡C¦pªG¥LÌ©¾©ó¤W«Ò¡A¦³¤TºØ¥i¯àªºµ²ªG¡G²Ä¤@¡A¤W«Ò¤£Åý¥L̾D¨ü¥ô¦óµhW¡A¤Ï¦Ó±o¨ì²ö¤jªº®¦¨å©Î´Lºa¡]²Ä¤@³¹¡^¡C²Ä¤G¡A¤W«Ò®e³\¥L̸g¾úµhW¡A¦ý¦bµhW¤¤»P¥L̦P¦b¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬@±Ï¥L̲æÂ÷µhW¡A½ç¤©®¦ºÖ¡]²Ä¤T³¹©M²Ä¤»³¹¡^¡C²Ä¤T¡A¤W«Ò¥ô¥Ñ¥L̳QµhW§]¾½¡A§¹¥þ¤£¥[¥H¬@±Ï¡A¬Æ¦ÜÅý¥LÌ®îÃø¡A¦Ó¥½«á¥s¥LÌ´_¬¡¡A±o¨É¥Ã»·ªººÖ¼Ö¡]¤Q¤@33¡A¤Q¤G2-3¡^¡F¦Ó¥B¡A¥LÌ·|¥s¤H±oµÛÀ°§U¡A¤]·|¥s¨º¨Ç¦Û¥H¬°µ´±æªº¤H«¨£§Æ±æªºÀÆ¥ú¡C35
¹ï©ó¤µ¤Ñªº«H®{¨Ó»¡¡A¤W«Ò¦P¼Ën¨D§ÚÌ¡G
²Ä¤@¡A«í¤[¦a¶¶ªA¿í¦æ¤W«Òªº¦®·N¡]¤@8¡A¤T16-18¡A¤»11¡^
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²Ä¥|¡A¹ªÀy©MÀ°§U§O¤H«H¾a©M©¾©ó³o¦ì¿W¤@ªº¯u¯«¡]¤Q¤@33¡A¤Q¤G3¡^¡C
n°µ¨ì¤Wz¥|¶µ¡A§ÚÌ»Ýn»P¤W«Ò¦³±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡A¥HP§Ú̯u¥¿»{ÃÑÍ¢¡A¨Ã¥B¦³´¼¼z©MÄÝÆFªº³zµø¤O¡AåªR·í«eªºÀô¹Ò¡A©ú¥Õ¨Æ±¡I«á¨º§ó²`¤@¼hªº·N¸q¡]¤@17-20¡A¤G11¡B21-23¡B28¡B47¡A¥|27-29¡B34¡A¤11-16¡B18-22¡^¡C¥Ñ©ó§Ú̹ï¤W«Ò¦³«H¤ß¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¬}¹î©M¡uÅU©À¨º¬Ý¤£¨£ªº¡v¡]ªL«á¥|18¡A·sĶ¥»¡^¡C
¥t¤@¤è±¡A¤W«Ò¨Ã¨S¦³n¨D§Ú̬°¤F¹ïÍ¢©¾s¦ÓÂ÷¶}³o¸o´cªº¥@¬É¡A´N¦p¤W«Ò¨Ã¨S¦³§h©J¦ý¥H²z©M¤T¤Í©ñ¤U¥L̦b¤Ú¤ñÛªº©x¾¡A¥HP¥L̤£¥Î±¹ï¬D¾Ô©M§xÃø¡F¤W«Òn¨D§Ú̦b¦Û¤vªº±^¦ì¤W¹ïÍ¢©¾¤ß¡AÁöµM§ÚÌ¥i¯à¦]¦¹¨ü§O¤HªºÃÕ¿Ø®O¸¨¬Æ¦Ü¬°Ãø¡C
²{¦b§ÚÌÁöµM¤£¥Î¾D¨ü¹³¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»©M¦w´£ªüô¥|¥@±j¥[©óµS¤Ó¤H¨ººØ´Ý»Åªº¹G¢¡A¦ý¬O§ÚÌ«o¤£¯à¦]¦¹©ñÃP¡A¦]¬°¥@«U¥D¸q¡]¤×¨ä¬Oª«½èªº»¤´b¡^¥¿¦b«I»k§Ú̪º«H¥õ¡A¥HP§Ú̦b¹ï¤W«Ò©¾sªº¨Æ¤W§´¨ó¡A³oºØ¼ç²¾Àq¤Æ¡u«D¼É¤O¦¡¡vªº¢®`¦³®ÉÔ¤ñ¨Åé©Ò¨üªº¹G¢§óÃø©è¨ü¡C
34 J.J. Collins, "David and His
Social World" Interpretation 39: 131-143, 132.
35 "To Give hope to
those who are losing their hope," W.S. Towner, "The Preacher in the
Lion's Den" Interpretation, 39: 157-169, 167.
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´N²{¦sªº°¨¯Á©Ôª©¥»¨Ó¬Ý¡A131§Æ§B¨Ó¤å³¡¥÷¤ñ¨ÈÄõ¤å«O¦sªº¸û¬°§¹¦n¡C¦º®ü¥j¨÷ªº¦ý¥H²z§Û¥»©M²{¦sªº°¨¯Á©Ô¥»¤Q¤À±µªñ¡C132
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©Ô¤B¤åĶ¥»»P°¨¯Á©Ô¥»±µªñ¡FC¬X¦Ì©Ò¨Ì¾Úªºì¥»»P²{¦sªº°¨¯Á©Ô¸g¤åµL¤j®t§O¡A¥L¤]±Ä¥Î¤F¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¤@¨Ç½Ķ¡C134
±Ô§Q¨È¤åĶ¥»¬ù©ó¥D«á¤G¤¡³¦~§¹¦¨¡A¥Dn¬O¨Ì¾Ú°¨¯Á©Ôª©¥»Â½Ä¶ªº¡A¦ý¤]¦³¨ü¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¼vÅT¡C135
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(c)¡u©¼¦Õ¡vªº¬G¨ÆÄÝ©ó¤Q¥|³¹¤@¦Ü¤Ü¤G¸`¡C136¶Ç»¡·í¥j¦C¤ý¦b¦ìªº®ÉÔ¡A¤Ú¤ñÛ¤H·q©^¤@Ó¯«©ú¦W¥s¡u©¼¦Õ¡v¡A¨C¤Ñ³£Äm¤W¦hºØªº²½«~¡C¥j¦C¤ý¸ß°Ý¦ý¥H²z¬°¬Æ»ò¤£·q«ô¡u©¼¦Õ¡v¡A¦ý¥H²z»¡¥L¥u·q«ô¤S¯u¤S¬¡ªºC©MµØ¡C¥j¦C¤ý¦^µª¡G©¼¦Õ¤]¬O¤@¦ì¬¡¯«¡A¦]¥L¨C¤Ñ§â¨Ñ©^ªº²½«~³£¦Y¥ú¡C¦ý¥H²z«o«ü¥X²½«~¤D¬Oµ¹¨º¤C¤Q¦ì¡u©¼¦Õ¡vªº²½¥q¦Y¥ú¡F¥j¦C¤£¬Û«H¡A©ó¬O¦ý¥H²z±ß¤W¦b¼q¤¤ªº¤g¦a¤W¼»¤U¯»¥½¡F²Ý¤é¡A¯»¥½¤W§Gº¡¤F²½¥q©M¥LÌ®a¤Hªº¸}¦L¡AÅãµM¬O¥LÌ«e¤@¤Ñ±ß¤W¤J¼q°½¹²½«~©Ò¯d¤Uªº¡C¥j¦C¤ý¤j«ã¡A¤U¥O±þ¦º©Ò¦³¡u©¼¦Õ¡vªº²½¥q¡A¤SÅý¦ý¥H²z±N¼q©M¼q¤¤ªº¡u©¼¦Õ¡v°¸¹³©î±¼¡C
(d)¡u¤jÀs¡vªº¬G¨Æ¬O¤Q¥|³¹¤Ü¤T¦Ü¥|¤Q¤G¸`¡C¤ý©R¥O¦ý¥H²zÁ«ô¤Ú¤ñÛ¤H©Ò«ôªº¤jÀs¡A¦ý¥H²z©Úµ´¡A°í«ù¦Û¤v¥u«ô¥Ã¬¡ªºC©MµØ¡C¤ý¦V¦ý¥H²z¬D¾Ô¡A¥i§_¨ª¨ªÅ®±±þ¦º¡u¤jÀs¡v¡C¦ý¥H²z±N¨º¤£¯à®ø¤ÆªºÃw«C¯×ªo»P¤ò¾v»s»æµ¹¡u¤jÀs¡v¦Y¡A¾ÉP¡u¤jÀs¡v¨{¸¡Ãzµõ¦º¤`¡C¤Ú¤ñÛ¤H¤j«ã¡A§â¦ý¥H²z¥µ¤J·à¤l§|¡F¦ý¥H²z¦b·à¤l§|§x¤F¤»¤é¡A¤C°¦·à¤l«o¤£¶Ë®`¥L¡C¤Ñ¨Ï©ó¬O§â«¢¤Ú¨¦©M¥L´ê¥©·Ç³Æ¦nªº¤ÈÀ\¥ÑµS¤j°ê¥Î·§j¦Ü¤Ú¤ñÛ¡A§â¹ª«°eµ¹¦b·à¤l§|¤¤ªº¦ý¥H²z¡C²Ý¤é¡A´N¬O¦ý¥H²z§x¦b§|¤¤ªº²Ä¤C¤é¡A¤ý¦]¬Ý¨£¦ý¥H²z¨S¦³³Q·à¤l¶Ë®`¦Ó¤j¨ü·P°Ê¡A©ó¬O©ñ¤F¦ý¥H²z¡A¤S§â¨º¨Ç³´®`¥Lªº¤H©ß¤J§|¤¤¡A¥ß¨è³Q¾j·à§]¦Y¡C
³o¥|ºØªþ¥[ªº¸ê®Æ¥i¯à·½©ó®J¤Îªº¨È¾ú¤s¤j«°¡Aº¿¯Á©Ô¥»¨Ã¨S¦³³o¸ê®Æ¡A¦º®ü¥j¨÷ªº¦ý¥H²z§Û¥»¤]¨S¦³³oºØªþ¥[ªº¸ê®Æ¡C
131 ¡u°¨¯Á©Ô¥»¡v´N¬O"Massoretic text"¤D¬O¬ù³Ì¥i¾aªºª©¥»¡C
132 Baldwin, 69., F.M. Cross, "Editing
the Manuscript Fragments from Qumran" BA, 19: 83-86, 86.
133 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº§Æþ¤å½Ķ¡A³Ì¸ÔºÉªº°Q½×¬OMontgomery,
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134 AB, 75.
136 ¡u©¼¦Õ¡v¡]Bel¡^»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº¡u¤Ú¤O¡v¬Ûµ¥¡A¦¹³B¤D«ü¤Ú¤ñÛ°ê¦Ü°ªªº°¨«×¯«©ú¡]Marduk¡^¡C
¢w¢w ð¦ö¤§¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w¦ý¥H²z¡n