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¤@¡B»P¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¦³Ãöªº§@«~

Anderson                     Anderson, R. A, Signs and Wonders: A Commentary on the Book of Daniel. Eerdmans, 1984.

Baldwin                        Baldwin, J.G. Daniel (TOTC). IVP, 1978.

Barr                             Barr, J. "Daniel" in Peake's Commentary. Nelson, 1962.

Bentzer                         Bentzer, A. Daniel (HAT). Mohr, 1952.

Bevan                           Bevan, A.A. A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press, 1892.

Boutflower                   Boutflower, C. In and Around the Book of Daniel. Zondervan,1963.

Bravermann                  Bravermann, J. Jerome's Commentary on Daniel. Catholic Biblical Association, 1978.

Campbell                      Campbell, D.K. Daniel: Decoder of Dreams. Victor, 1977.

Casey                           Casey, M. Son of Man. SPCK, 1979.

Collins                          Collins, J.J. Daniel, 1-2 Maccabees. Michael Glazier, 1981.

Colloins (Form)      Colloins, J.J. Daniel (The Form of the Old Testament Literature) Eerdmans, 1984.

Criswell                        Criswell, W.A. Daniel. Zondervan, 1970.

Culver                          Culver, R. Daniel and the Latter Days. Moody, 1962.

Davies                          Davies, P.R. Daniel. JSOT, 1985.

Declor                          Declor, M. Le livre de Daniel. Gabalda, 1971.

Driver                           Driver, S.R. The Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press, 1900.

Ford                             Ford, D. Daniel. Southern Publishing Association, 1978.

Gaebelein                     Gaebelein, A.C. The Prophet Daniel. Our Hope Publisher, 1911.

Gammie                        Gammie, J.G. Daniel. Knox, 1983.

Ginsberg                       Ginsberg, H.L. Studies in Daniel. Jewish Theological Seminary, 1948.

Gurney                         Gurney, R. God in Control. H.E. Walter, 1980.

Hammer                       Hammer, R. The Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Hartman                       Hartman, L.F. and Di Lella, A.A. The Book of Daniel (Anchor) Doubleday ¡® Co., 1978.

Heaton                         Heaton, E.W. The Book of Daniel. SCM, 1956.

Ironside                        Ironside, H.A. Lectures on Daniel the Prophet. Loizeaux, 1920.

Jeffary                          Jeffary, A. "The Book of Daniel" IB 6. Abingdon, 1956. 339-549.

Jerome                         Jerome's Commentary on Daniel. Baker, 1958.

King                             King, G.R. Daniel. Eerdmans, 1966.

Lacocque                     Lacocque, A. The Book of Daniel. John Knox, 1979.

Leupold                        Leupold, H.C. Exposition of Daniel. Baker, 1969.

Luck                            Luck, G.C. Daniel. Moody, 1958.

McDowell                    McDowell, J. Prophecy:Fact or Fiction. Daniel in the Critic's Den. Campus Crusade, 1979.

Mickelsen                     Mickelsen, A.B. Daniel and Revelation. Thomas Nelson, 1984.

Montgomery                 Montgomery, J.A. The Book of Daniel (ICC). T.¡®.T. Clark, 1927.

Porteous                       Porteous, N. Daniel (OTL). SCM, 1965.

Pusey                           Pusey, E.B. Daniel the Prophet. Funk ¡® Wagnalls, 1985.

Rabbi                           Rabbi, I.J. The Aramaic Section of Ezra and Daniel. Hebrew Union College, 1982.

Rushdoony                   Rushdoony, R.J. Thy Kingdom Come. Thoubum, 1978.

Russell                          Russell, D.S. Daniel. Westminster, 1981.

Stevens                        Stevens, W.R. The Book of Daniel. Bible House of L.A., 1949.

Strauss                         Strauss, L. The Prophecies of Daniel. Loizeaux Brothers, 1969.

Stuart                           Stuart, M. A Commentary on the Book of Daniel. Crocker ¡®Brewster, 1850.

Swim                            Swim, R.E. "Daniel" in Beacon Bible Commentary. IV. Beacon Hill Press, 1969.

Thomson                      Thomson, J.E.H. "Daniel" in The Pulpit Commentary. Funk ¡® Wagnalls, 1909.

Towner                        Towner, W.S. Daniel. Knox, 1984.

Unger                           Unger, M.F. Unger's Commentary on the Old Testament. II. Moody, 1981.

Walvoord                     Walvoord, J.F. Daniel: The Key to Prophetic Revelation. Moody, 1971.

Whitcomb                    Whitcomb, J.C. Darius the Mede. The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1975 (Third Printing)

Wilson                          Wilson, R.D. Studies in the Book of Daniel. Putnam's Sons, 1917.

Wiseman                      Wiseman, D.J. et al. Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel. Tyndale, 1965.

Wood                          Wood, F.M. The Dilema of Daniel. Broadman, 1985.

Wood                          Wood, L.A Commentary on Daniel. Zondervan, 1973.

Wordsworth                 Wordsworth, C. "Daniel" in Commentary on the Holy Bible. VI. Rington, 1876.

Young                          Young, E.J. The Prophecy of Daniel. Eerdmans, 1949.

Zockler                        Zockler, O. "Daniel" in Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scripture. XIII. Zondervan, 1960.

¤B¥ß¤¶                        ¤B¥ß¤¶¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¦Ò¸Ô¡C²Ð¤HÂO®Ñ½s¿è³B¡A1965¡]²Ä¤Tª©¡^

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¦ó¼}¸q                        ¦ó¼}¸q¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¿Ý¨¥ªº«G¥ú¡C¤¤µØ¯«¾Ç°|¡A1970¡C

­J¨½©ù            ­J¨½©ù¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬ã¸g¾ÉŪ¡C¤Ñ¹D¡A1985¡C

«ä°ª                            «ä°ª¡C¹F¥§º¸¡A¤Q¤G¤p¥ýª¾¡C«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|¡A1954¡C

­ð¦ö¤§                        ­ð¦ö¤§¡C¥Ã«í¡C®û«H·|¡A1984¡]¦Aª©¡^¡C

³¯¤è                            ³¯¤è¡C¹w¨¥¤§Æ_¡G¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¹w¨¥¤§¬ã¨s¡C¥[®¦¡A1983¡C

µØ°Ç´µ                        µØ°Ç´µ¡C¸U¤ý¤§¤ý¡C®Õ¶é¡A1981¡C

¸ë¥É»Ê                        ¸ë¥É»Ê¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ·sÁ¿¸q¡C¤Ö¦~Âk¥DªÀ¡A1972¡]¦Aª©¡^¡C

»C»²¥Á                        »C»²¥Á¡C¦ý¥H²z®ÑÄÀ¸q¡C«Å¹D¡A1954¡C

Á¨q¶¯                        Á¨q¶¯¡C·R»P§Æ±æªº«H®§¡C¤åÃÀ¡A1987¡C

Ĭ¦õ´­                        Ĭ¦õ´­¡C¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¡C¤Ñ¤H¡A1983¡C

 

¤G¡B¨ä¥L

AASOR                       Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research

ANET                          Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Pritchard, J.B., ed.; Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1955.

BA                               Biblical Archaeologist

BASOR                       Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

BDB                            F. Brown, S.R. Driver, C.A. Briggs, eds., A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford: Clarendon, 1953.

BJRL                           Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester

BS                               Bibliotheca Sacra

BZAW                         Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fundie Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

CBQ                            Catholic Biblical Quarterly

DOTT                          D.W. Thomas ed., Documents from Old Testament Times New York, 1961.

ed.                               Editor, edited by

EQ                               Evangelical Quarterly

ERT                             Evangelical Review of Theology

ExpT                            Expository Times

HTR                             Harvard Theological Review

HUCA                         Hebrew Union College Annual

IB                                The Interpreter's Bible, ed., G. Buttrick.

IBD                              Illustrated Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer 3 parts; Leicester, 1980.

ibid.                              ibidem, in the same place

ICC                             The International Critical Commentary of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament, eds., S.R. Driver, A. Plummer,     and C.A. Briggs.

IDB                              The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G.A. Buttrick et al. 4 volumes; New York, 1962¡F suppl. vol. 1976.

JAOS                           Journal of the American Oriental Society

JBL                              Journal of Biblical Literature

JCS                              Journal of Cuneiform Studies

JETS                            Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

JNES                           Journal of Near Eastern Studies

JPOS                           Journal of Palestine Oriental Society

JQR                             Jewish Quarterly Review

JSOT                           Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

JTC                              Journal for the Theolgoy and the Church

JTS                              Journal of Theological Studies

MT                              Masoretic Text

NASB                          New American Standard Bible

NCB                            New Century Bible

n.d.                              no date

NEB                            New English Bible

NICOT                        R.K. Harrison ed., The New International Commentary on the Old Testament

NIDNTT                      New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed. C. Brown; E.T., 3 vols.; Grand Rapids, 1975-78.

NIV                             New International Version

OTL                             Old Testament Library

OTS                             Oudtestamentische Studien

PEQ                             Palestine Exploration Quarterly

RB                               Revue Biblique

RSV                             Revised Standard Version

RV                               Revised Version

TDNT                          Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. G.W. Bromiley; E.T., 9 vols.; Grand Rapids, 1964-74.

TOTC                          Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

TWOT                         Harris, L. ed., Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Moody, 1980.

VT                               Vetus Testamentum

WTJ                             Westminster Theological Journal

ZAW                           Zeitschrift fur die Altestamentliche Wissenschaft

ZPEB                           Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, ed. M.C. Tenney et al.; 5 vols.; Grand Rapids, 1975.

¦êÄÀ                            ¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡DµùÄÀ¥»¡]¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡^­»´äÃÒ¹D¡A1986

©M¦X¥»                        ·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|

²{¤¤                            ¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡A1980

·sĶ                            ·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ·sĶ¥»­»´ä¤¤¤å¸t¸g·sĶ©e­û·|¡A1976

ÂÂÄÀ                            ¬ùÄÀ¸q¥þ®Ñ¤T¤@¤å¤Æ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1978¡]¦Aª©¡^

Áú©Ó¨}                        ¸t¸g¤pÃã¨å«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|¡A1983

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¢½¡@²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹±j½Õ¦ý¥H²z©M¤T­Ó¤Í¤H¦p¦ó­±¹ï«H¥õªº¬D¾Ô©M±Ã¤ã¡A­±¹ï¦M¾÷¤´µM¹ï¤W«Ò©¾­s¡C²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹«o§âµJÂIÂà´«¦ÜµS¤j¾ã­Ó°ê®a¡A¥þ³¡ªº¿ï¥Á³£­n¦b¦M¾÷¤¤§à¾Ü¬O§_¤£±¤©Ê©R¶¶±q¤W«Ò¡C·íµM¡A¦ý¥H²z©M¤T¤Í¦b²Ä¤@¡B¤T¡B¤»³¹©ÒÀòªº®¦¨å¹ï©ó²Ä¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹ªºµS¤Ó¤H±N·|¬O²ö¤j¹ªÀy¡C

¢¾¡@²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹¹ï¥~¨¹¤Hªº¬Ó«Ò¦³¸û·Å©Mªº´y­z¡]§B¨F¼»©Ò¨üªº§å§P³ÌÄY¼F¡^¡A¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹«o§â¥~¨¹§g¤ý¡]¤×¨ä¬O¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¡^µø§@»P¤W«Ò¬°¼Äªº´c¤H¡C6

 

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1 Davies, 51-52;

2 ¦³Ãö³o¨âºØÅéµôªºµ²ºc¡A°ÑW.L. Humphreys, "A Life-Style for Diaspora: A study of the Tales of Esther and Daniel" JBL 92: 211-213; S. Niditeh and R. Doran, "The Success Story of The Wise Courtier: A Formal Approach" JBL 96: 179-197.

3 Ãö©ó³o´X­Ó²§¶Hªº²Õ¦¨¡A°Ñ J.G. Gammie, "The Classification, Stages of Growth and Changing Intention in the Book of Daniel" JBL 95: 191-204.

4 Ford, 28.

5 abc-cba; ¦³Ãö¦¹ºØ¥æ¤e¥­¿Å¡]Chiastic¡^, °ÑJ. Baldwin, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi ¡]IVP, 1972¡^, 74-80.

6 A. Lenglet, "La Structure Litte&raire de Daniel 2-7" Biblica 53: 169-190; Baldwin, 59-60

7 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°²Ä¤@¦Ü¤»³¹ªº°O¸ü¡]»P¤C¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹ªº²§¶H¬Û¥é¡^¤£¬O¯u¨Æ¡A¬é¬O·Q¹³©Mµêºcªº¬G¨Æ¡A¦]³o¨Ç°O¸ü³£´£¤Î¤@¨Ç¯«©_©Ç½Ïªº¨Æ±¡¡A¬é¤£¹L¬O¥sŪªÌ©ÎÅ¥²³·P¨ì¹ª»R¡A¨Ã¤£¬O°O­z¨Æ¹ê¡F³o»¡ªk¦n¹³°²³]¤F¤Z¦³¶W¦ÛµM¦¨¤Àªº°O¸ü³£¤£¬O¯u¨Æ¡A°Z¤£¬Oµ¥©ó»¡¸t¸gªº¯«Âݳ£¨S¦³µo¥Í¹L¡Hµ§ªÌ¤£¯à»{¦P³o¬Ýªk¡FCollins, 41.

 

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{\Section:TopicID=112}3.§B¨F¼»¡]550-539 B.C.Äá¬F¡^

§B¨F¼»ªº¥À¿Ë¬Û¶Ç¬O¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¤k¨à¡]¤­10ºÙ¦o¬°¡u¤Ó¦Z¡v¡^¡A15§B¨F¼»¦b¤Ú¤ñ­Û«°¥N¤÷ºÞ²z°ê¤¤¤j¤p¨Æ°È¡A«á¦]¨g¦kÁ¶Âp¤W«Ò¦Ó³Qº¿¥N¤j§Q¯Q¥Î¤M±þ¦º¡C

 

8 ®³¥¬´¶©Ô¼»¡]Nabopolassar¡^¥»¬O¤@­Ó­{°Ç©³¤ý¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¤»¤G¤­¦~¦b¤Ú¤ñ­Û§@¤ý¡A³Ð¥ß¤F¤@­Ó¦³¤Oªº¤ý°ê¡C

9 ¦³Ãö¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»¡]Nebuchadrezzar¡^·´·ÀµS¤j°êªº¸Ô±¡¡A°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A¥H¦â¦C»P¦C°ê¥v¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1983¡^¡A112-127.

10 ¥H¥¼¦Ìù¹F¡]Evil-Merodach¡^´¿ÄÀ©ñ¬ù¶®¤ç¥XºÊ¡A½ç¥L°ª¦ì¡A¨Ï¥L°ª¹L³Q¾Û¨ì¤Ú¤ñ­Ûªº¨ä¥L°ê¤ý¡]¤ý¤U¤Ü¤­27-28¡^¡C

11 ¥§¥Ò¨F§QÁ§¡]Nergal-Sharezer¡^¥Ñ¥D«e¤­¤»¡³¦Ü¤­¤­¤»¦~§@¤ý¡F§Æþ¥v®aºÙ¥L¬°¥§¤OĬ¼»¡]Neriglissar¡^¡C

12 ©Ô¤Ú¬Iº¿«×¡]Labash-Marduk¡^Ä~¦ì®É¶È¬°¤@­Ó¤p«Ä¡F°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A125.

13 ´£º¿¡]Tema¡^¬O¨È©Ô§B¨Fºz¤¤¤@­Óºñ¬w¡A®³ªi¥§«×§â¥¦µo®i¬°¤@­Ó°Ó·~¤¤¤ß¡C

14 ¬Û¶Ç®³ªi¥§«×¥X¨­©ó"¨¯"¡]Sin¡^ªº²½¥q¶¥¯Å¡]¥L¥À¿Ë¬O"¨¯"¼qªº¤@¦ì¤k²½¥q¡^¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A¨â¬ù¤¤¶¡¥v²¤¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1978¡^¡A35.

15 ®³ªi¥§«×°ù¤F¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»ªº¤k¨à§õ¹D¸ª´µ¡]Nitocris¡^¡C

 

¢º¡@º¿¥Nªi´µ«Ò°ê

{\Section:TopicID=114}1.¥j¦C¡]538-530 B.C.¡^

º¿¥N¤H¥»©~¦í©ó¤µ¤é¥ì®Ô°ê¤gªº¥_³¡¡A¦Óªi´µ±Ú«h©~«n³¡¡Cº¿¥Nªº©~¨È¼»¦C¤@¥@´¿»P¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»Áp¤â§ð¥´¨È­z¡C16·í©~¨È¼»¦C¤@¥@ªº¨à¤l¨È¤h©«°òÄ~¦ì«á¡A17«n¤èªºªi´µ¿³°_¤F¶¯¤~¤j²¤ªº¥j¦C¤ý¡C

¥j¦C¥»¬O¥ì®Ô«n³¡ªº¦w¬À¤ý¡A¥D«e¤­¤­¤E¦~¤w²Îªvªi´µ±Ú¡C·í®Éªi´µ±Ú¬Oº¿¥Nªºªþ±e°ê¡A¨ü¨È¤h©«°ò½Ñ¦hÀ£¨î¡C¥D«e¤­¤­¡³¦~¡A¥j¦C´¦¬ñ¦Ó°_¡A¹ê¦æ«qÅÜ¡C¥L¥´±Ñ¤F¨È¤h©«°ò¡A¨Ö§]¤Fº¿¥N¡C¥j¦C¸òµÛ¦V¦è¥X§L¡A©Ò¦V©ÜÃû¡A¥s³\¦h°ê®a¦ÚªA¡F¥L©ó¥D«e¤­¤T¤E¦~»â­x¶i§ð¤Ú¤ñ­Û¡A¤£¶O§j¦Ç¤§¤O«K¨ú±o¤F¤Ú¤ñ­Û«°¡A¦]º¿«×ªº²½¥q©M¤j³¡¤Àªº¤Ú¤ñ­Û¤H¡A³£¦]°Q¹½®³ªi¥§«×¦Ó¥D°Ê¥´¶}«°ªùªï±µªi´µ­x¤J«°¡C°¶¤jªºªi´µ«Ò°ê¥¿¦¡¿³°_¡C18

¬JµM¤Ú¤ñ­Û¤`°êªº¤@­Ó¥D¦]´N¬O®³ªi¥§«×»´µø¤Ú¤ñ­Ûªº°ê¯«º¿«×¡A¥j¦C¦]¦¹¾Ç¨ì¤@­ÓÄ_¶Qªº¥\½Ò¡G¦pªG¥L­nÀò±o¦U°ê¤H¥Á´L­«¥L¡A¥L¥²¥ý­n´L­«¦U°êªº°ê¯«¡F«á¨Ó¥L­ã³\³Q¾Û¨ì¤Ú¤ñ­ÛªºµS¤Ó¤H¦^°ê­««Ø¸t·µ¤]¥i¯à»P¥L³oºØ¤ßºA¦³Ãö¡]·íµM¡A¥L³o¼Ë°µ¬O²Å¦X´xºÞ¤@¤Áªº¤W«Òªº¦®·N¡^¡C19

³o¦ì¯d¦W«á¥@ªº°¶¤j§g¤ý¦b¥D«e¤­¤T¡³¦~¾Ô¦º¨F³õ¡A¨à¤l¥Ì«ô¦èÄ~¦ì¡C

{\Section:TopicID=115}2.¥Ì«ô¦è¡]530-522 B.C.¡^

¥Ì«ô¦è¦b¦ì³Ì¤jªº¥\ÁZ¬O©ºªA¤F®J¤Î¡C¥L´¿¦]ÃhºÃ§Ì§Ì¤h¨C§Ì«qÅܦӧâ§Ì§Ì±þ¦º¡C«á¨Ó¦³¤@¦ì³N¤h¦ÛºÙ¬°¤h¨C§Ì¡A°_¦Ó«qÅÜ¡A¦Û¥D¬°¤ý¡F¦b®J¤Î»·©ºªº¥Ì«ô¦è«æ³tªð°ê¡A³~¤¤Ö`µM¾r±Y¡C

¥Ì«ô¦è¦º«á¡A°ê®a¤j¶Ã¡Aª½¦Ü¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@µn¦ì¡A¤º³¡¯Éª§¤~µ²§ô¡C

{\Section:TopicID=116}3.¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¡]522-466 B.C.¡^

¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¥D­n¨ÆÂݦ³¤T¡F²Ä¤@¡A¥Lµn°ò«á«K¬£§L¨ì¦U¦a¥­©w«qÅÜ¡A¤S­P¤O¶}©Ýªi´µ°êªºÃ¦°ì¡A¥Lªº«Ò°êª©¹Ï±q¦L«×ªe¦ù®i¨ì·Rµ^®ü¡A±q¶Â®üªu©¤¥_¹F¦h·êªe¡C20²Ä¤G¡A¥L§ï²Õ¬F©²¡A±N«Ò°ê¹º¤À¬°´X­Ó¤j°Ï¡A¦U°Ï¦³Á`·þºÞ²z¡C²Ä¤T¡A¥L¯°°¨¼F§L¡A»P§ÆþÁp¨¹¹ï§Ü¡A¤Þµo¤F¨È¤O¤s¤j¤é«á§ð¥´ªi´µ¡]¤K6-7¡^¡C

¦b¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@µn¦ìªì´Á¡A¥ýª¾«¢¸Ó©M¼»­{§Q¨È©ó¥D«e¤­¤G¡³¦~¹ªÀy³Q¾ÛÂk¦^ªºµS¤Ó¤H«ì´_¤wÀÁ¸m¤F¤Q¦h¦~ªº­««Ø¸t·µªº¤u§@¡C

{\Section:TopicID=117}4.¨È«¢ÀH¾|¡]486-465 B.C.¡^

¥L¤S¦WÁ§¦è¡A´¿°ù¥H´µ©«¬°¤ý¦Z¡F¦¹¥~¡A¥L¥­©w¤F¦b®J¤Î©M¤Ú¤ñ­Ûªº«q¶Ã¡A¥B±a»âºë¾U¤j­x§ð¥´§Æþ¡]¤Q¤@2¡^¡Aµ²ªG¥L­¡¦Y±Ñ¥M¡A¦AµL¤O¶q¥X©º§Æþ¡C

¥D«e¥|¤»¤­¦~¨È«¢ÀH¾|¬°¦Û¤vªº¦Ú¹²±þ®`21¡A¥Ñ¨à¤l¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@Ä~¦ì¡C

{\Section:TopicID=118}5.¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@¡]465-424 B.C.¡^

¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@¦b¦ì´Á¶¡¡A¥H´µ©Ô©M¥§§Æ¦Ì¬ÛÄ~Àò­ãÂk°ê¡A¨ó§U­C¸ô¼»§N­««Ø«°Àð©M±À¦æ§ï­²¡C

¨È¹FÁ§¦è¤@¥@·í¬F®É¡A¤@¤è­±­n¹ï¥I®J¤Îªº«qÅÜ¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¤S³Q§Æþ«I²¤¡F°¶¤jªºªi´µ«Ò°ê¶}©l°I¸¨¡C¥L¥H«áªº´X­Óªi´µ¤ý³£¨S¦³¬Æ»ò§@¬°¡F³Ì«á¡A¤j§Q¯Q¤T¥@¡]336-331 B.C.¡^¦]°kÁרȤO¤s¤j¦Ó³Q³¡Äݨë±þ¡A½÷·×ªºªi´µ«Ò°ê´N¦¹µ²§ô¡C

 

16 ©~¨È¼»¦C¡]Cyaxares¡^¦b¦ì¥|¤Q¦~¡]¥D«e¤»¤G¤­¦Ü¤­¤K¤­¦~¡^¡AÁ¤ͤý¡A50.

17 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¨È¤h©«°ò¡]Astyages¡^´N¬O¦ý¥H²z®Ñ©Ò»¡ªº¡uº¿¥N¤H¤j§Q¯Q¡v¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A51.

18 ¦³Ãö¥j¦C¦p¦ó¤£µo¤@½b«K¦û»â¤F¤Ú¤ñ­Û«°¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¥Lªº¶ê¬W¸O¤å¡]Cyrus Cylinder¡^¡FDOTT, 81-92.

19 ·í®É°£¤F¦b¤Ú¤ñ­Û¦³¤@úó³Q¾ÛªºµS¤Ó¤H¥~¡A¦b®J¤Îªº¥ì¨½ªâ¥Ð¤]¦³¤£¤ÖµS¤Ó¤H»E©~¡A¥ì¨½ªâ¥Ðªº¤åÄm¡]Elephantine Papyri¡^´£¨Ñ¤F³\¦h¦³Ãö¥L­Ìªº¸ê®Æ¡]¯S§O¬O¥L­Ì­««Ø¸Ó¦a¸t·µªº¨Æ±¡¡^¡F°ÑB. Porten, Archives from Elephantive¡]Berkeley, 1968¡^.

20 ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A340.

21 ±þ¦º¨È«¢ÀH¾|ªº¤j¦Ú¦W¥s¨È¹F¯Z¾|´µ¡]Artabanus¡^¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A64.

 

¢»¡@§Æþ«Ò°ê

{\Section:TopicID=120}1.¨È¤O¤s¤j¡]336-323 B.C.¡^

¨È¤O¤s¤jªº¤÷¿Ë°¨¨ä¹y¤ýµÌ¤O¤G¥@©ó¥D«e¤T¤T¤K¦~²Î¤@¤F§Æþ¦U«°°p¦Ó«Ø¥ß§Æþ«Ò°ê¡A¨â¦~«á¥L³Q¤H¿Ñ±þ¡A¥Ñ¥L¨º¦ì­^«iµ½¾Ôªº¨à¤l¨È¤O¤s¤jÄ~¦ì¡C

¨È¤O¤s¤jªº«Â»®¾Ô¥\¤H©Ò©Pª¾¡F¥Lµn¦ì¥ý«á¦û¤Fªi´µ¡BµÌ¥§°ò¡B®J¤Î¡A¥LÀHú¦©º°QÃ䶫¡A»·§ð¦L«×¡Aª½¹F³ß°¨©Ô¶®¤sÄS¡C¥L©Ò¦VµL¼Ä¡A«Ü§Ö«K«Ø¥ß¤F¤@­Ó¾î¸ó¤T¤j¬wªº§Æþ«Ò°ê¡F¥¿¦pº¿¥[¤ñ®Ñ§@ªÌ©Ò»¡¡G¡u¥L¨­¸g¦Ê¾Ô¡A¹ÜÀò³\¦h°íÂS¡A±Ù±þ¦U¦a°ê¤ý¡C¥L¶]¹M¤j¦a¥|·¥¡A¾Û±°¤F³\¦h¥Á±Ú©M°]ª«¡A¤j¦a¦b¥L­±«e°×¨¥µLÁn¡A¦]¦¹¥Lªº¤ß§Ó°ª¶Æ¡A¦k¦Û´L¤j¡v¡]º¿¥[¤ñ³ü®Ñ¤@2-4¡^¡C22

¨È¤O¤s¤j´¿®v¨Æ§ÆþµÛ¦W­õ¾Ç®a¨È¨½¤h¦h¼w¡A¥L¦³¤@­Ó²z·Q¡A´N¬O§â©Ò«I¦ûªº¦U°ê§Æþ¤Æ¡F¥L­n§â§Æþªº¤å¤Æ¨î«×¡A¥H¤Î»y¨¥¤Î¤@¤Á­·«U²ß©|¡AÄé¿éµ¹³Q¥L©ºªAªº¥Á±Ú¡C¥L¬ß±æ§âªF¤è¡]¥]¬A¨È­z¡B¤Ú¤ñ­Û¡Bªi´µ¡B®J¤Î¡^ªº¤å¤Æ©M§Æþ¤å¤Æ¦@§M¤@Äl¡C

¨È¤O¤s¤j©ó¤¸«e¤T¤G¤T¦~¦b¤Ú¤ñ­Û±w¤W¼ö¯f»P¥@ªøÃã¡A¥Lªº°ê®a³Q¥|­Ó±N­x©Ò¥Ê¤À¡A¨ä¤¤¨â­Ó¡]«n°ê®J¤Î©M¥_°ê±Ô§Q¨È¡^»PµS¤Ó¤H¦³±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡]¦³Ãö«n¥_¤G°êªº®¦«è¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò²Ä¤Q¤@³¹ªº¸àÄÀ¡^¡C

{\Section:TopicID=121}2.«n°ê¦h§Q¶R¤ý´Â

¦h§Q¶R¤@¥@«Ø°ê«áªº¤@¦Ê¦~¡A¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z³£Âk«n°ê©ÒºÞÁÒ¡C³o¤@¥@¬ö¤¤¡AµS¤Ó¤H¨É¦³±q«e¦bªi´µ²Îªv¤UªºÅv§Q¡A¥u­n«ö®É¦V«n°ê¶i°^¡A¨ä¥Lªº¨Æ¦h§Q¶R¤ý´Â¤£¥[¥H¤z¹w¡A¥ô¥Ñ¤j²½¥q²ÎªvµS¤Ó¤H¡A¤j²½¥qªº¦a¦ì¤éº¥´£°ª¡A²½¥q¶¥¼h¤]¦¨¬°ªÀ·|ªº»â¾É¶¥¯Å¡C

¦P®É¡A¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªºµS¤Ó¤H¾E±p¹´©~©ó®J¤Î¡F23¥L­Ì¦b®J¤Î¨É¦³«Ü¤jªº¦Û¥Ñ©M¦w¹ç¡A¦Ó¥B¦³¦a¦ì©M°]²£¡C¥L­Ì«Ü§Ö´N±Ä¨ú§Æþ»y¬°¥À»y¡A¤£¯àŪ§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªºÂ¬ù¸t¸g¡A¥u¦³§â¬ùªº¸t¸gĶ¦¨§Æþ¤å¡A´N¬OµÛ¦Wªº¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡C24

{\Section:TopicID=122}3.¥_°ê¦è¬y¥j¤ý´Â

·í¦w´£ªü­ô¤T¥@©ó¤½¤¸«e¤G¡³¡³¦~À»±Ñ®J¤Î­x«á¡A¥L²Îªv¤F¤Ú°Ç´µ©Zª½¦Ü®J¤ÎÃä¬É¡C¦ÚªA«n°ê¤@¦Ê¦h¦~ªºµS¤Ó¤H²{¦b¬°¥_°êºÞÁÒ¡AµS¤Ó¤H¹ï¦¹¥»¨Ó«Ü°ª¿³¡A¦]¦w´£ªü­ô¤T¥@ªì´Á¬Æ¬°µ½«Ý¥L­Ì¡C

¬é¬O¨ì¤F¥L¨à¤l¦è¬y¥j¥|¥@§@¤ý®É¡A¬°¤F¥I²M¦Vù°¨¶i°^ªº½ß´Ú¡A¦è¬y¥j¥|¥@¥ø¹Ï±°¹Ü­C¸ô¼»§N¸t·µÄ_®wªºª÷»È¡A¥_°ê­¢®`µS¤Ó¤Hªº§Ç¹õ´N¦¹´¦¶}¡C·í¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@°õ¬F«á¡AµS¤Ó¤H¸g¾ú¨ì¥L­Ì¾ú¥v¤W²Ä¤@¦¸³Ì¤jªº©v±Ð­¢®`¡]¸Ô²Ó½Ð°Ñ²Ä¤C¡B¤K¡B¤E¡B¤Q¤@³¹ªº¸àÄÀ¡^¡C

¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº­¢®`¨Ï¤HÃþ¾ú¥v¤Wµo¥Í¤F¤@¥óÅå¤Hªº¥v¨Æ¡C­ì¨Ó¦³¤@úó¤H³ºµM¤£±¤¥H¨­®î¹D¡A¾Ä°_¤Ï§Ü©v±Ð­¢®`¡A³o´N¬Oº¿¥[¤ñªº­²©R¡C

 

22 «ä°ª¡A16.

23 ¾Ú»¡¦b¥D«á²Ä¤@¥@¬ö¤´¦³¤@¦Ê¸UªºµS¤Ó¤H¦b®J¤Î¹´©~¡F¥¬¿à¯S¡A353-354.

24 ®Ú¾Ú¨È§Q¤h´£´µ«H¤ã¡]Letters of Aristeas¡^¡A¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@¬°¤F§âµS¤Ó¤Hªº¸t¸g¦¬Âæb¥L¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤¤¡A¬G­n¨D­C¸ô¼»§Nªº¤j²½¥q®t¬£¤C¤Q¤G¦ìºë³q§Æ§B¨Ó¤å©M§Æþ¤åªº¾ÇªÌ©¹¨È¾ú¤s¤j«°Â½Ä¶Â¬ù¸t¸g¡A¥L­Ì¦b¤C¤Q¤G¤Ñ¤º«K§â¼¯¦è¤­¸gĶ¦¨§Æþ¤å¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A167.

 

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·í¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¥ÎªZ¤O±j­¢µS¤Ó¤H©ñ±ó­ì¦³ªº«H¥õ®É¡A¦bµS¤j¦è³¡¦³¤@¦ì²½¥q¦W¥s°¨¥L´£¨È¡A25¥L°í¨M¤£ªÖ¦b¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@­x§L©Ò«Øªº²§±Ð²½¾Â¦V°¸¹³Äm²½¡A¥B±þ¦º¤F¤@­Ó¦b°¸¹³²½¾ÂÄm²½ªºµS¤Ó¤H¡A¤S±À½¤F²½¾Â¡C¥L±aú¦¤­­Ó¨à¤l¤Î¤@¯Z¸òÀHªÌÂ÷¶}­ì©~¦a¼¯¤B°k¨ìµS¤jªº¤s¦a¡A²Õ¦¨¤F¤@¤ä¤£©È¦ºªº­²©R­x¡A¨M¤ß¤Ï¹ï¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº­¢®`¡A¬°©v±Ð¦Û¥Ñ¦Ó¾Ä°«¡C

³o¤@¤ä´±¦º¶¤¦bµS¤j¦U«°ÂíºR·´°¸¹³ªº²½¾Â¡A±þ¦º±µ¨ü§Æþ«H¥õªºµS¤Ó¤H¡A¤S´À¥¼¨ü³Î§ªº¨kÀ¦¦æ³Î§¡C

­²©R¶}©lªº´X­Ó¤ë«á¡A°¨¥L´£¨È¦º¤F¡AÁ{²×«e¥ß¥L²Ä¤T¤lµS¤j¬°Á`¥q¥O¡CµS¤j§O¸¹º¿¥[¤ñ¡]¡uÁè¤l¡vªº·N«ä¡^¡A¥Lªº¸òÀH±qªÌ¤]¦]¦¹³QºÙ¬°º¿¥[¤ñ­²©R­x¡C

­²©R­x¦bµS¤jªº»â¾É¤U´¿¦h¦¸À»±Ñ¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº­x¶¤¡A§l¤Þ¤F§ó¦hªº¦P­M¥[¤J§Ü¾Ôªº¦æ¦C¡C¥L­ÌÄ~Äò¨Ï¥Î´åÀ»¾Ô³NÀ»±Ñ¥_°êªº­x¶¤¡A¥B©ó¥D«e¤@¤»¤­¦~¦û»â¤F¸t·µ¡A¶i¦æ¼ä²b¸t·µªº¤u§@¡A§â°¸¹³©M²§±Ðªº²½¾Â³£¥µ±¼¡A¤S§â¸t·µ­ì¦³ÄmêO²½ªº²½¾Â©î·´¡A¦]¥¦´¿¾D¥á´µ¯«¹³¬¿¦Ã¡C¥D«e¤@¤»¥|¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤­¤é¡A§Y¬O¸t·µ³Q¦Ã¬V¤T©P¦~¡AµS¤j¤H¦A¦¸§â¸t·µ©^Äm¡A«ì´_­ì¦³ªºÄm²½¡C¦Û¦¹¡AµS¤Ó¤H¨C¦~³£¦u³oÄm·µ¸`¡A¬°´Á¤K¤Ñ¤§¤[¡C26

 

25 °¨¥L´£¨È¡]Mattathiah¡^¦í¦b¼¯¤BÂí¡]Modin¡^¡C

26 ³oÄm·µ¸`ºÙ¬°¡uº~¸ô¥d¡v¸`¡]Festival of Hannukkah¡^¡A©Î§@"²³¥ú¸`"¡A¦]µS¤Ó¤H¦u¸`ªº¦b®a¿UÂIÀë¥ú¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A206.

 

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µL½×¬O­±¹ï¤ý©Ò½çªº¬ü­¹¡A©Î¬O¤õû@»P·à¤l§|¡A¥L­Ì³£¤£¥i¥H§´¨ó¡A§K±o¹ï¤W«Ò¤£©¾¡CµL½×¤W«Ò¬O§_¬@±Ï¥L­Ì²æÂ÷·í«eªº«æÃø¡A¥L­Ì´NºâÄ묹¥Í©R¡A¤´­n©¾­s¡]¤T16-17¡^¡C³o¼Ë¡A¤W«Ò·|§â¥Ã»·ªº°ê½à½çµ¹¥L­Ì¡]¤C27¡^¡C

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¦¹¥~¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ´£¨Ñ¤F«Ü¦hÃö©ó¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡v©M¡u´_¬¡¡vªº«H®§¡A33¤×¨ä¬O¦³Ãö¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡vªº¤¶²Ð¤D¬O¬ù¸t¸g³Ì¸ÔºÉªº¡A¤W«Òªº¤Ñ¨Ï¤£¦ý§âÍ¢ªº±Ò¥Ü¶Ç»¼µ¹¦ý¥H²z¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¤Ñ¤W¬°¿ï¥Áª§¾Ô¡]¤Q13¡A¤Q¤G1¡^¡A©Ò¥H¡A¥L­Ì¥i¥H©ñ¤ß«H¾a¤W«Ò¡C

 

31 ºÙ©I¤W«Ò¬O¡u¦Ü°ªªÌ¡v¦h¥X©ó¥~¨¹¤Hªº¤f¡A¦p³Á°ò¬~¼w¡]³Ð¤Q¥|18¡^¡B¤ÚÄõ¡]¥Á¤Ü¥|16¡^¡B¨È­z¤ý¡]ÁɤQ¥|14¡^¡AÁÙ¦³°¨¥iºÖ­µ¤­7¡F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¤»17¡C

32 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñ©M±Ò¥Ü¿ý¯«¾Ç«ä·QªºÃö«Y¡A°Ñ A.B. Mickelson, Daniel ¡® Revelation: Riddles or Realities ¡]Thomas Nelson, 1984¡^; G.K. Beale, "The Influence of Daniel upon the Structure and Theology of John's Apocalypse" JETS 27: 413-424.

33 Walvoord, 26.

 

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²{¦b§Ú­ÌÁöµM¤£¥Î¾D¨ü¹³¥§¥¬¥Ò¥§¼»©M¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@±j¥[©óµS¤Ó¤H¨ººØ´Ý»Åªº¹G­¢¡A¦ý¬O§Ú­Ì«o¤£¯à¦]¦¹©ñÃP¡A¦]¬°¥@«U¥D¸q¡]¤×¨ä¬Oª«½èªº»¤´b¡^¥¿¦b«I»k§Ú­Ìªº«H¥õ¡A¥H­P§Ú­Ì¦b¹ï¤W«Ò©¾­sªº¨Æ¤W§´¨ó¡A³oºØ¼ç²¾Àq¤Æ¡u«D¼É¤O¦¡¡vªº­¢®`¦³®É­Ô¤ñ¨­Åé©Ò¨üªº¹G­¢§óÃø©è¨ü¡C

 

34 J.J. Collins, "David and His Social World" Interpretation 39: 131-143, 132.

35 "To Give hope to those who are losing their hope," W.S. Towner, "The Preacher in the Lion's Den" Interpretation, 39: 157-169, 167.

 

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131 ¡u°¨¯Á©Ô¥»¡v´N¬O"Massoretic text"¤D¬O¬ù³Ì¥i¾aªºª©¥»¡C

132 Baldwin, 69., F.M. Cross, "Editing the Manuscript Fragments from Qumran" BA, 19: 83-86, 86.

133 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº§Æþ¤å½Ķ¡A³Ì¸ÔºÉªº°Q½×¬OMontgomery, 24-29, 35-55; AB¡]76-84¡^¦³«Ü¦h¸û·sªº¸ê®Æ¡C

134 AB, 75.

135 M.J. Wyngarden, The Syriac Version of the Book of Daniel¡]Drugulin, 1923¡^.

136 ¡u©¼¦Õ¡v¡]Bel¡^»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº¡u¤Ú¤O¡v¬Ûµ¥¡A¦¹³B¤D«ü¤Ú¤ñ­Û°ê¦Ü°ªªº°¨«×¯«©ú¡]Marduk¡^¡C

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