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3.¤­1-13¨Ï±jµw°í«ùÅ«¸o²½»PÅ«·^²½¬OºIµM¤£¦Pªº²½ªº½×ÂI¬Û·íÀª§¼¡C°£¤F¹L¥Ç©Î·^ !vea;  ~a{sha{m¦h¦¸¦b³o¬qÅ«¸o²½¸g¤å¤¤¥X²{¡A»P¥Ç¸o  af;Oj; cha{te{~ ªº¦P¸qµü¹B¥Î¥~¡A²Ä6©M7¸`§ó²M·¡«ü¥XÅ«·^²½ªº²½¬¹¬O¬°¤F¥Ç¸o¦ÓÄm¤WªºÅ«¸o²½¡CMTªº¥Î¦r©Mµ²ºc¡AÅã¥Ü¨â²½¹ê¬°¤@¡A¥ô¦ó©¾©ó­ì¤åªº¤H³£µLªkÁקK³o­Óµ²½×¡C©Ò¥H¥j¥NĶ¥»¬°¤F­n±NÅ«¸o²½©MÅ«·^²½¤À¶}¡A¥u±o­×§ï¸g¤å¡CLXXºÉ¶qÁקK±N !v;a;  ~a{sha{mĶ¥X¡]2¡B5¸`¡^¡A¤£µM´N±N¥¦§ï§@  af;Oj; cha{te{~¨Ó½Ķ¡]5¡B7¸`¡^¡A¼»º¿§Q¨È§Û¥»¦b²Ä¤­¸`¤]¬O§ï¬°  af;Oj; cha{te{~¡A±Ô§Q¨ÈĶ¥»«h¥Î¤@¯ë©ÊÄm²½¦rµü¨ú´À¡C

¤àµnªºÁ¿ªk¡G¡uÅ«¸o²½©MÅ«·^²½¬O¦PÃþªº¨âºØ²½¡v9¥¼§K¹L¥÷²³æÂI¡A¼w´Iªº¬Ýªk¸û¤¤ªÖ¡G¡u§Q¥¼°O¥|¦Ü¤­³¹¦CÁ|ªº¨Ò¤l¡Aµ¹¤H¤@­Ó¦L¶H¡A´N¬OÅ«¸o²½¥]¬Aªº½d³ò¸û¼s¡AÅ«·^²½½×­z¤@¨Ç¯«¡]©ÎÍ¢²½¥q¡^©Î¦P¦ñªºÅv¯q¨ü·l®`ªº±¡ªp¡C¡v10Å«¸o²½¬O¬°¤F¤@¤Á»~¥Çªº¸o¦ÓÄm¡A¦ý¦b¤@¨Ç¯S§O©Û­P·l¥¢ªº±¡ªp¡A°£¤FÅ«¸o²½¥~ÁÙ±o¥t¥[·^²½§@¸ÉÀv¡C©Ò¥H¹p­Ê²z(Rainey)»{¬°¡G¡uÅ«·^²½¬O¤@ºØ¯S§OªºÅ«¸o²½¡C¡v11Áú©Ó¨}±N¾ã³¹²Ä¤­³¹ºÙ¬°¡u¯S®íªºÅ«¸o²½¡v¤@¤è­±±j½ÕÅ«·^²½ÄÝÅ«¸o²½¤§¤@ºØ¡A¦P®ÉÁקK¤F¤­1-13¤À¬qÂkÄݨº¤@²½ªºÃøÃD¡C¦pªG¯à°÷±µ¨ü¥v­@¼wªº«Øij12ºÉ¶qÁקK¨Ï¥ÎÅ«·^²½³o¦Wµü¡A¥i¯à§ó¯àÅý¤H©ú¥Õ !v;a; ~a{sha{mªº¯u·N¡G§@°Êµü®É¬O¨Ï¤Hª¾¸o¡A¦Wµü«h¬O¬°¹L¥ÇÄm¤Wªº½ß§©Î¸ÉÀv¡C°£¦¹¡AÁÙÀ³¯d·N©¨¯SªºÆ[¹î¡A¥»¬q¦bÅ«·^²½ªº¸g¤å¤¤¡Aµ´¤f¤£´£¤]²@µL·t¥ÜÄm²½µ{§Ç¡A13¦Ó¥B !v;a; ~a{sha{m§@¬°²½ªÁ·N¸q®ÉÁ`»PÅ«¸o²½¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡A14¨Ã¥B¤C7»¡¡u¨â­Ó²½¬O¤@­Ó±ø¨Ò¡v¡A¤]³\Å«·^²½®Ú¥»¤£¬O¤@­Ó¿W¥ßªº²½¡A¥u¤£¹L¬O¯S§OÅ«¸o¸`ªº¤@­Ó»ö¦¡¡I

 

1 ¥|22¡u­Y¡v¬O rv,a}  'asher, »P !ai ·N«ä¬Û¦P¡A®Ú¾ÚBDB(p.83)¡A³o³B¬O rv,a} ªº¨u¦³¥Îªk¡C

2 Harrison, Leviticus, p.68.

3 ³o¦r°Êµüªº±j½Õ»yºA(Piel stem)©M¤Ï¨­»yºAreflexive(Hithpael) ¦³Â½Ä¶¬°¼ä²b¡]§Q¤K15¡A¤Q¥|52¡F¸Ö¤­¤Q¤@7µ¥¤Q¦h¦¸¡^¡A¨ä¹ê¬O°£¸o(de-sin)¡]¥Á¤K7¡A¤Q¤E9¡B17¡^ªº¥t¤@Ķªk¡A¤]¦³¬°¤å¾Ç§Þ¥©¦Ó½Ķ§@¥Ç¸oªº¦P¸qÃã¡A¦p½ß¤W¡]½ß¸o¡^¡]³Ð¤Ê¡X39¡^¡A¶Ë®`¡]³Ð¥|¤Q¤G22¡^¡A¿ù¡]¥X¤­16¡^¡A¥Ç¤F¡]¸o¡^¡]§Q¥|2¡^¡A®t¿ù¡]§Q¤­16¡^¡A¬¿¦Ã¡]¥Ó¤Ü¥|14¡^¡A¹L¥Ç¡]¥N¤U¤»39¡^¡A¤z¥Ç¡]¥§¤E29¡^¡A¥¢¡]§B¤­24¡^¡A®`¡]½e¤Ü2¡^µ¥¤Q¦h¦¸¦Ó¤w¡C¦Ü©ó¤¤¤åªº¸o¬O§_ ?? cha{te{~ ªºÂ½Ä¶¡AÁö©Î³\¦³Ä~Äò«ä¦Ò¾l¦a¡A°Ñ·¨ªF¤t¡u¡y¤ºª¹¡z»P¦Û¥Ñ¡G½×´XºØ¡y¸o¡zªºÂ½Ä¶¡v¤åÃÀ²Ä¤Q´Á¡]¤@¤E¤K¥|¦~¤»¤ë¡^¡G8-9¡F§õ먷½¡A¡uÃm³¥ªº·L­µ¢w¢w½Í¤¤¤å¸t¸g¡y¸o¡z¦rªºÂ½Ä¶¡v´º­·54(1978)3-7; ¡u¤¤¤å¸t¸g¡y¸o¡z¦r½Ķªu­²¡v´º­·55(1978)¡A6-11¡F¡uÃö©ó½Ķ¤¤¤å¸t¸g¤@«Ê¤½¶}«H¡v´º­·56(1978): 6-10¡C¦ýªñ¥N©Ò¦³¤¤¤å½Ķ¤´ªu¥ÎºD±`ªºÂ½Ä¶¡A¬G³oùؤ]¤£¥´ºâ¶i¤@¨B§@¤¤¤å¸o¦rªº¬ã¨s¡C

4 ³o¨Ç¤¤¤å¤£¦P½Ķªº¸g¤å¡A¥i°Ñ¾\¡A¸t¸g­ì¤å¦r·J¤¤¤å·J½s¡App.1016-1018.

5 ¬x¦P«j¡A¡u¬ù¯«¾Ç¥DÃD¡]¤G¡^±ÏÅ«¡G³ÌªìªººÖ­µ¡]¤¤¡^¡v¡A¸t¸g³ø´_¥Z¡A²Ä¤T¤Q¤T¨÷(1979) p.79.

6 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡App.29-30.

7 N.H. Snaith, "The Sin-Offering And The Guilt-Offering", VT 15(1965) p.74.¦³Ãö³o¨â²½¬O§_¬°»~¥Ç¦Ó³]ªº¾ú¥v©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A½Ð°ÑD.Kellermann " !v;a; " TDOT I, pp.431-432, ¦CÁ|¦ÛPhilo¦Üªñ¥Nªº¦UºØ·N¨£¡C

8 ¥|2´£¤Î¡u»~¥Ç¡v¡A¦ý³o¬OÅ«¸o²½ªº¾É½×¡]­Y¤£¥H¬°¬O¥|¦Ü¤­³¹¸o²½Á`½×ªº¸Ü¡^¡Av3 ªº !ai im¤~¶}©l½×²½¥q¥Ç¸o¡C

9 ¤àµn¡A¡u§Q¥¼°O¡v¡Ap.172.

10 de Vaux, Ancient Israel, p.421.

11 Rainey, "Sacrifice", ZPEB

12 Snaith, op. cit, p.80.

13 North, Leviticus, p.46.

14 ¤¤¤å !v;a; ?`a{sha{m½Ķ¬°Å«·^²½ªº¸g¤å¤¤¡A¥u¦³§Q¤Q¤E21-22¤@¦¸¤£¸òÅ«¸o²½¦a³æ¿W¥X²{¡A¦ý¸Ó³Bv20©ú¨¥¬O¡u¦D»@¡v¡A©Ò¥HÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¤£¬O¤@ºØÄm²½¡C

 

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2.»~¥Ç¡@ hn,nv]bi af;h>t, ; tech#ta{~ bishga{ga{hª½Ä¶¬O¿ù»~¦a¥Ç¸o¡C¬ù¦³Â×´I´y­z¸oªºµü·J¡A15 aFej; cha{te{~ªº­«ÂI¬O¤£¤¤ªº¡A¾¤®©¼w¦b³o¸`ªºÄ¶¸q¤¤»¡¡G¡u§A®³°_¤F¡A½b¤W©¶¡Aµo®g¢w¢w¦ý¤£¤¤ªº¡I§A®g¤£¤¤¡A¨Ã«D§A¨¸´c¡A¥u¦]¬°§A­J¾x¡B¹x¥Ö¡B²¨©¿¡B´²ºC¡A¤]³\Ãi´k¡A©Î§ó¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°§A®Ú¥»´N¨S¦³¥Í©Rªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C¡v16µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¥u¦³¿ù»~¦a¥Çªº¸o¡A¸o²½¤~¯àµo´§Å«¸o¥\®Ä¡C¬G·N©Î¾Õ´±¦æ¨Æªº¡A¸oµL¥i³j¡A¥²³Q°Å°£¡]¥X¤Ê¤@14¡F§Q¤C20¡F¥Á¤Q¤­30¡B31¡^¡C¦ý¥²¶·ª`·N»~¥Ç¨Ã«DµL·N¡]²{¤¤¡^©Î¤£ª¾¤£Ä±¡]§f®¶¤¤Ä¶¥»¡^¡A¦]¬°ª¾±¡¤£³ø¡]¤­1¡^¡B«_¥¢°_»}¡]¤­4¡^ÄÝ©úª¾¬G¥Ç¡Aµ´¹ï¤£¬O¥X©óµLª¾¡C¨ä¹ê»~ hn,n;v] sh#ga{ga{h³o¦rªº®Ú·½ hn;c; sha{ga{h·N«ä¬O¦æ®t½ñ¿ù¡B°¾Â÷¥Ø¼Ð¡]¥Ó¤Ü¤C18¡F¸Ö¤@¤@¤E10¡F½e¤­23¡^¡A±q³o¦r¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Óªº°Êµü     nn' ';c; sha{gagªº´X­Ó¤£¦P½Ķ¡A»¡©ú»~¦æ¡]¤­18¡F¥Á¤Q¤­28¡^¤D¦]¬°³Q»¤´b¡]§B¤Q¤G16¡^¨«°g¤F¸ô¡]¸Ö¤@¤@¤E67¡^©MÄÝ¥G¦å®ð¡]³Ð¤»3¡^¡C³o¨ÇÁö¬O©úª¾¬G¥Ç¡A¦ý¬ö³Í¶øÁ`¬A¡G¡u³o¬O¤@¤Á¥X©ó¦å¦×³n®zªº¸o¡v¡A17«ä°ªÄ¶¥»¡u¤£·V¡v¡A¹ê¦b¬O¸ûªñ­ì·N¡A±q¯«®¦¨åªº²´¥ú¬Ý¨Ó¡A´N¬OLXXªºÂ½Ä¶ ajkousio" ¨­¤£¥Ñ¤vªº¦æ°Ê¡A¨ü¦å¦×²o¤Þ¡A±¡¦³¥i­ì¡A­ã¤©Å«¸o¡C¤ÏÆ[¾Õ´±¦æ¨Æ¡A­ì¤å·N«ä¬O°ªÁ|ú¦¤â hm;Or; dy;B] b#ya{d ra{ma{b(with a high hand)¥Ç¸o¡Aªí¥Ü±jµw§Ü©Ú«ßªkªºÅv«Â¡A¦s¥Ü«Âªº¤ß¦V¯«¬D¾Ô¡A©Ò¥H¤£·|¨DÄǤ]¤£¯àÀò±o³j§K¡C

¦b­C©MµØ©Ò§h©J¤£¥i¦æªº¬Æ»ò¨Æ¤W¡A»~¥Ç¤F¤@¥ó¡@³o¸`©M3¡B13¡B22¸`¡A¤­1-6Åã©úÅ«¸o²½¬O¬°­Ó¤H©Î·|²³ªº¤@¨Ç¯S§O¦æ°Ê¦Ó³]¡A¦Ó¨Ã«D¶Ç²Îªº¬Ýªk¡A³æ¯Â¬°¤Hªº¸o©Ê©Î¡u­ì¸o¡v¡C18

±N¥»¸`³Ì«á¤@¥y¥L¦æ¤F¨ä¤¤¤@¥ó tj'a'me hn;c,[;te h`;[w] aOl »P¤W¥y§é¶}¡A³s±µ¤U¸`¡A½Ķ¬°¥L¥²¶·¦æ¥H¤U±ø¨Ò¤¤ªº¤@¼Ë¡AÁöµM·N«ä³q¶¶¡A«o§¹¥þ¨S¦³§Û¥»©M¦­´ÁĶ¥»ªº¤ä«ù¡C¦Ó¥B±N³o¥y³s±µ¤W¥y¡A¥¿¦p©M¦X¥»ªºÂ½Ä¶¡A¦b¤å·N©Mµ²ºc¤W¤]¬Û·í³q¶¶¡A¤£À³¾Õ¦Û§ó§ï¡C

 

15 °ÑGirdlestone, Synonyms of the Old Testament, pp.76-86.

16 Knight, Leviticus, p.27.

17 Keil, op. cit, p.303.

18 ¨Ò¦p¸ë¥É»Ê¡A¸t¸g­n¸q¡App.273, 278-279; »C»²¥Á¡A§Q¥¼°OÁ¿¸q¡Ap.30; °¨¦³Ä¦¡A¬ù·§½×¡App.32, 37.

 

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19 A.B. Davidson, An Introductory Hebrew Grammar, revised by John Manchline, (T & T Clark, 1962), ¡±23.(b). iv.

20 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡Ap.19.

21 Jerusalem Bible, "Over the veil"; Wenham½Ķ¬°"On the veil", Leviticus, p.90.

22 Ãö©ó¸t¸g¤¤¼Æ¦rªº°ò¥»­n¸q¡A¥i°Ñ¾\­ð¦ö¤§¡A¡u¸t¸g¤¤¼Æ¦rªº¬ã¨s¢w¢w¦³Ãö¸Ñ¸gªº¤@¶µ½ÒÃD¡v¡AµØ¤H¯«¾Ç´Á¥ZI¡A(1986) pp.3-14; Äõ©i¡A°ò·þ±ÐÄÀ¸g¾Ç¡Ap.217; Marvin Pope, "Number, Numbering, Numbers", Interpreter's Bible Dictionary 3: 561-567; I. Abraham, "Numbers, Typical and Important", Encyclopaedia Judaica, 12: 1254-1261.

 

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rP,ki kipper©TµM¥i¥H½Ķ¬°¼ä²b¡A¨Ã¥B§t¦³³j¸oªº·N«ä¡A¦ý³o­ÓÆ[©À¦b¥»¸`¨Ã¤£¾A¦X¡C²Ä¤@¡A«ö¯«¾ÇÆ[©À¡A§Q¥¼°O¤¤¼ä²b¥¼¥²¦³°£¸oªº·N¹Ï¡A¨Ò¦p¦b¾Â¨¤©Ù¦å¡]¤K15¡^¤£¥i¯à¬°°£¸o¡A¦]¬°¤@¤è­±¾Â¤£·|¥Ç¸o¡Aªp¥B²½¾ÂÁÙ¥¼¨Ï¥Î¡A¤]¤£·|¨üÄm¤Wªº¸o²½¦Ã¬V¡]¦pªG·|¦Ã¬Vªº¸Ü¡^¡A³o»ö¦¡²M·¡¬O¬°¤F¨Ï¾Â¦¨¸t¡A§¹¥þ»P¸oµLÃö¡C¨ä¦¸¡A²½¥q­n¬°¥LÅ«¸o( rP,ki kipper)³o¤½¦¡¡A°£¤F¦b¸o²½ÀHú¦¥L¥²»X³j§K¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥H¬O¥L´N¼ä²b¤F¡]¤Q¤G7¡A¤Q¥|20¡B53¡F¥Á¤K21¡^¬°¼ä²b¦Ó¼ä²b¡A¤£¤@©w¬O¬°°£¸o¦Ó¼ä²b¡C²Ä¤G¡A«ö¤åªk¦Ó¨¥¡A±N rP,ki ½Ķ¬°¼ä²b²£¥Í¤@¥y¤£³q¶¶ªº¤å¥y¡G²½¥q­n¬°¥L­Ì¼ä²b¡C¦ó¼F­}(Holladay)«ü¥X rP,ki kipper¦pªG¬O¼ä²bªº¸Ü¡A¤£¯à§@¦Û°Êµü(intransitive)¡A¥²¶·¦³ª½±µ¨üµü(direct object)¡C33¦ý¥»¥y¥u¦³«e¸mµü(preposition) l[' ¬°©M¶¡±µ¨üµü(indirect object)¥L­Ì¡A«o¨S¦³ª½±µ¨üµü¡A»¡©ú­n¼ä²b¸o©Î¨ä¥L¬Æ»ò¡C

(3) ¥N´À/Âಾ(To represent or to transfer)

rP,Kii ¥i¯à»P¦Ì©Ò¤£¤j¦ÌÂå¾Ç³N»y¦³Ãö¡AÂÅÄ_¥[(Landsberger)µo²{¦bªdª©¤¤´£¨ì¡u¨ºªd¡]µù¡u¤j·§¬O«ü¼Å¤WªºÃĪ«¡^ºÙ¬°kupirtu©Îtakpirtu¡A³Q¯»¹Îª¬´C¤¶ª«§l¦¬¡AµM«á¥á±ó¡A®I±¼©Î¨ú¨«¡C¡v34±q³oÆ[©À¤Þ¦ù¦¨¬°¥N´À¡A©Ó¨ü¡A©ÎÂಾ©M´C¤¶¡A¸o´cªº«áªG¸gÂà¶ù«á¦Ó®ø°£¡C¶®¦U(Jacob)¤Þ­z¨È¥Ò¤åªºÄm²½Ã«¤å¡G¡u¨ä¤¤¦³¤@¬q§i¶D§Ú­Ì³oºØ¥N´Àªº·§©À¦b°{±Ú¥@¬É¤¤«D±`´¶¹M¡G¡y¯Ì¦Ï¬O¤Hªº¥N´À¡F¬°¤F¥Lªº¥Í©R¥L­n¥æ¥I¯Ì¦Ï¡A­n¥æ¥I¯Ì¦ÏªºÀY¥N´À¤HÀY¡A¥æ¥I¯Ì¦ÏªºÀV¤l¥N´À¤HªºÀV¤l¡A¥æ¥I¯Ì¦Ïªº¯Ý³¡¥N´À¤Hªº¯Ý³¡¡z¡C¡v35

¬ùªº±Ð°V¬Û·í²Å¦X³o­Ó¥N´À©Î¥NÅ«ªºÆ[©À¡C­º¥ý¦Ò¼{«D§»ö³W±øªº¸g¤å¡A¥H¦â¦C¤H¥X®J¤Î«á¨C¤H¥I¥bªÙ«È°Ç»È¤l¡A§@¬°Å«»ù rP,Koi ko{pper¡]¥X¤Ê12¡^¡A¥Øªº¬O¬°¤FÅ«¥Í©R !k,ytvop]n' Al[' rPek'l] ¡]¥X¤Ê15¡B16¡^¡A°Ñ¦ÒÁÉ¥|¤Q¤T3-4¡AÅ«»ù´N¬O¥N´À¡A¦P®É«ö³o¬q¥D¦®¡A rP,ki »P¸oµLÃö¡A¬O¥Î»È¤l¥N´À¥Í©R¡C¥t¤@³B¸g¤å¡A°ò¹M¤H¦b¼»¤U¤Ü¤@1-4¦^µª¤júҸ߰ݫç¼ËÅ«±½Ã¹±O±þ¥L­Ìªº®É­Ô¡A­n¨D¥æ¥X¤C¤H§@¥Nªí¶H¼x¥H©RÀv©R¡C¥Á¤Ê¤­31-33½×¿Ñ±þ¨Æ¶µ§ó²M·¡¦^À³¥X¤Ê12¡G§A­Ì¤£¥i¦¬Å«»ù( rP,Koi )kopper¥N´À¥Lªº©R¡K¡K«D¬y¨º±þ¤HªÌªº¦å¡A¨º¦a´N¤£±oÅ«¡] rp,Ko y#kuppar¡^¡C¦b¿Ñ±þªº±¡ªp¤U¡A¨S¦³ªF¦è¥i¥H¥N´À±þ¤HªÌªº©R¡A¬Æ¦ÜÅ«»ù¤]¤£¦æ¡C

¼¯¦è¦]¬°¨È­Ûªºª÷¤ûÃ}¨Æ¥ó¦Ó¦A¤W¦è¤D¤s¨D±¡ªº°O¸ü¡A³Ì²M·¡Åã¥Ü rP,ki kipperªº¥N´À§t·N¡C¼¯¦è»¡¡G§Ú¦p¤µ­n¤W­C©MµØ¨ºùØ¥h¡A©ÎªÌ¥i¥H¬°§A­ÌÅ«¸o¡C¼¯¦è¦b³oùØ©Ò»¡ªºÅ«¸oµ´¹ï¤£¬O¾B»\©Î¶î©Ùªº·N«ä¡A¦]¥Lª¾¹D¦Û¤vµLÅv³j¸o¡A¥L¤]¤£¬O»¡­n¬°¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº¸o°µ¨Ç¬Æ»ò¸ÉÅ«¥\¤Ò¡C¬°§A­ÌÅ«¸o·N«ä¥²©w¬O´NÅý§Ú¬°§A­Ìªº¸o§@¬°¥Nªí !k,t]aF'j' d['B] hr>P]k'a} yl'Wa ¡A©Ò¥H¥L¨D¯«¨D³j§K¥L­Ìªº¸o¡A­Y¯«¤£ªÖ³æ¯Â¦b®¦¨å¤¤³j¸o¡A¥L«Øij¥Ñ¥L¥N´À¡G±q§A©Ò¼gªº¥U¤W¶î©Ù§Úªº¦W¡]¥X¤Ê¤G32¡^¡C

±q¤W¤U¤å¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥»¸`©Î¨ä¥L¸o²½¤º®eùØ¡A rP,ki kipper½Ķ¬°¥N´À«D±`¾A·í¡A¦]¬°­C©MµØ²M·¡³]¥ß²½¥q¡A±a»â»X´z¿ïªº§Q¥¼¤H¡A¥N´À¥H¦â¦C¤H¨Æ©^¯«¡]¥Á¤T5-13¡A¤K5-19¡A¤Q¤»7¡B9¡^¡C³o¼Ë  ·N«ä¬Û·í²M·¡¡G¤j²½¥q´N¦¨¬°¥L­Ìªº¥N´À¡A§Y¥N´À¥L­Ì©Ó¾á¤@¤Á©Ò©Ó»{ªº¸oªG¡C³o´N¬O¯«»¡©ú³]¥ß²½¥qªº¤@­Ó¥Øªº¡]¥X¤Ü¤K38¡F§Q¤Q17¡F¥Á¤Q¤K1¡^¡C¦Ü©ó¥Ç¸oªº·|²³¡A¥L­Ì¥²»X³j§K¡C

Á`¬A rP,ki kipperªº°Q½×¡AÀj¯S(Budd)´£¨Ñ¤F«D±`Ä_¶Qªº´£¿ô¡G¡u´M§ä³Ì¥D­nªº·N«ä¥i¯à¨Ã«D¨º»ò­«­n¡C¤£¤ÖÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü³o¦r®Ú¥i¥H¦³¦n´XºØ¥Îªk¡A¦]¦¹¨C¤@¦¸¥X²{®É¡A³£±oºÉ¶q«ö¸Ó¸`¸g¤å¥»¨­ªº­n¨D§t·N¨Ó¬ã¨s¡CÃö¤ß¥Ç¸oªº¦MÀI¡A³]ªk»P¯«©M¦n¬O³o°Êµü³q±`±a¥Xªºµ²ªG¡C¡v36

¥L­Ì¥²»X³j§K¡@³o¬O¸o¥Ñ²½¥q©Ó¾á«áªºµ²ªG¡A¦ý¦b½Ķ©M¦r¸q¶·²¤¥[¸ÑÄÀ¡C¡u­C©MµØ¦³³j§K¸o´cªº®¦¨å¡A¬O¬ù­«­nªº¹D²z¡v¡A37¥¿¦p¬ù¾Ö¦³Â×´IÃö©ó¡u¸o¡vªºµü·J¡A¦P¼Ë§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¤]¦³¦n´X­Ó³B²z¸oªº¦P¸qµü¡A¤¤¤å³£Â½Ä¶§@³j¸o¡C¦ý¦U¦³¦Û¤vªº­«ÂI¡G38ac;n; na{sa{~¥i¯à¬O³Ì¥D­nªº¤@­Ó¦r¡A­ì·N¬°­t¾á¡B´£°_¡B°£«o¡A¤¤¤åĶµü¥u§@³j§K¡A¬O§¹¥þ±N¸o®ø°£¤£¯d²ª¸ñ¡C¦ý¥»¥yªº³j§K«o¬O jl;s; sa{lah¡A¤¤¤å±`±`½Ķ§@ÄÇ®¤¡]¦ý¤E9¡F¥§¤E17¡F¸Ö¤K¤Q¤»\cs165µ¥¡^¡AÅã¥Ü¯«¤£¦A­p¸û¤H¥Ç¸o¹ïÍ¢ªº«_¥Ç©Î±a¨Óªº¶Ë®`¡A¨ú®øÀ³¬IªºÃg»@¡]¥X¤Ê¥|9¡F¥Ó¤Ü¤E20¡F¤ý¤W¤K39¡B50¡F«s¤T42¡F¦ý¤E19¡F¼¯¤C2¡^¡C¦]¬°²½¥q¤w¥N´À¥L­Ì¡A©Ó¾á¸o³d¡A©Ò¥H·|²³«ö«ßªk¨Ó»¡¡A¤£¦A¬O¥Ç¸oªÌ¡A¦]¦¹¯«´NÄÇ®¤¥L­Ì¡A¤£¦A¦V¥L­Ì­pºâ¦]¹L©¹¥Ç¸o¦Ó²£¥Íªº·l®`³d¥ô¡C

 

23 Girdlestone, Synonyms of the Old Testament, p.231.

24 ³ìµx¹A¤¤¤å¦r¨å¡Ap.542.

25 ¥t¦³¨â¦¸¡u¸oÄ^¡v @wo[; ¡A¤@¦¸¥H¡u¹L¥Ç¡v [v'P, ¬°¨ü¨Æµü¡A¨â¦¸¡]¸Ö¤»¤Q¤­4¡A¤C¤Q¤K38¡^©M¦X¥»Â½Ä¶¬°³j§K¡A¥t¤@¦¸¡]¦ý¤E24¡^¬O¤î¦íªº¦P¸qµü¡C

26 ¸Ô²Ó°Q½× rP,ki ·N¸qªº¤å³¹¥]¬ALeon Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross, (Tyndale Press, 1955); Paul Garnet, "Atonement Constructions in the Old Testaent and The Qumran Scolls", Evangelical Quarterly 46(1974): 131-163; Derek Kidner, "Sacrifice-Metaphors and Meaning", Tyndale Bulletin 33(1982): 119-136; J. Milgrom, "Kipper", Encyclopaedia Judaica: 1039-1044; F. Bu/chsel and J. Herrmann, " i;laskomai ", TDNT 111: 300-318; R.E. Davis, "Christ In Our Place The Contrbution of the Prepositions", Tyndale Bulletin 21(1970): 71-91; L. Harris, " rP,K;i "., TWOT 1: 452-453; C. Brown, "  i;laskomai ", DNTT III: 148-165.

27 BDB, p.497.

28 Herrmann, " i;laskomai ", p.304.

29 Milgrom, "Kipper", p.1039; Noordtzij, Numbers, p.156; Philip J. Budd, Numbers, (Word, 1984), p.196; Kidner, "Sacrifice", p.127.

30 §f®¶¤¤¡G°£¸o§¡F²{¤¤¡G¼ä²b§

31 Kidner, "Sacrifice", p.127.

32 Milgrom, op. cit.

33 Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of The Old Testament p.163.

34 B. Landsberger, The Date Palm and Its By-Products According to the Cuneiform Sources, AFO Beiheft 17, (Graz, 1967) pp.30-34.

35 ¶®¦U¡A¬ù¯«¾Ç¡Ap.357.

36 Budd, Numbers, p.196.

37 ­ð¦ö¤§¡A¬ù¯«¾Ç½ÍÂO¡A¡]®Õ¶é¡A1984¡^ p.74.

38 °ÑGirdlestone, Synonyms, pp.127.

 

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26.²Ä¤­­Ó¤À§O¡A¡G¥u±N¯×ªo¿N¦b¾Â¤W¡A¦n¹³¥­¦w²½¡C³oùبèS¦³»¡©ú¨ä¾l²½¬¹¦p¦ó³B²z¡A¥¿¦p²Ä¤T³¹½×­z¥­¦w²½¤@¼Ë¡A¦ý¬O¤»24¦Ü¤C7¸É¥R»¡©ú³o¨Ç²½¦×Âk»P²½¥q¡A¦Ü©ó¦Y²½¦×ªº·N«äµy«á¦b¯«¾Ç±Ð°V¤¤°Q½×¡C

 

39 °ÑE.A. Speiser, "Background and Function of The Biblical Na{s*i '", Oriental and Biblical Studies, pp.113-122.

40 G.S. Cansdale, "Goat", ZEPB I: 739-741; A.E. Day & R.K. Harrison, "Goat", ISBE, revised ed., II: 491-492.

 

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41 Gispen, Leviticus, p.84.

42 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡Ap.24.

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