ªð¦^º¶ | ªð¦^¥»®Ñ¥Ø¿ý |
§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¾É½×
§@ªÌ²¤¶
¶¾½®©[¡A¼sªFµf¬ë¤H¡A¤@¤E¤T¤C¦~¦b»´ä¥X¥Í¡C
¥ý«á²¦·~©ó»´ä¤j¾Ç¡]ºaÅA¤å¾Ç¤h¡A±M×^¤å¡^¡B^°êÛ´°¸t¸g¾Ç°|¡]ºaÅA¤å¾Ì¡^¡BÛ´°¤j¾Ç¡]¹D¾Ç¤h¡^¡B¬ü°êºÖ¼Ö¯«¾Ç°|¡]¯«¾ÇºÓ¤h¡^¤Î^°ê°Ò¹ý´µ¯S¤j¾Ç¡]õ¾Ç³Õ¤h¡^¡C
©ó¤»¹s¦~¥N´¿¥ô»´ä«Å¹D®Ñ§½½s¿è³¡§U²z¡B°ê»Ú°ò·þ®{¾Ç¥ÍºÖµ¹Î«´»·ªF°Ï·F¨Æ¡B»´ä¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|Á¿®v¡C¤@¤E¤C¤¦~°_¥ô»´ä¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|Á¿®v¡A¤K¤T¦~°_Âର¬ã¨s°|¤hݯS¬ùÁ¿®v
°£¤F½Ķ¤§§@¡B¾Ç³N©Ê¤å³¹¬ù¤z½g¡A¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ¥~¡A¥tµù¦³¡GÄÝ©ó¥»µùÄÀÂO®Ñ¤§¡mµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡n¡B¡m©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¡n¡B¡m©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ¡n¡F¡mÀ¼¶}¥Í©R¤§»æ¢w¢w¸ô¥[¤Ó¿W¦³ªº¤ñ³ë¡n¡]»´ä°ò¹D¡A¤Gª©1992¡^¡B¡m®¦½ç»P¨Æ©^¡G«Où¯«¾ÇÂIºw¡n¡]»´ä¤Ñ¹D¡A¼Wqª©1988¡^¡B¡m¯u²z»P¦Û¥Ñ¡G¥[©Ô¤Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¡n¡]»´äÃÒ¹D¡A¼Wqª©1987¡^¡B¥H¤ÎThe Epistle to the Galatians¡]NICNT¡FGrand Rapids¡GEerdmans¡A1988)¡C
§@ªÌ§Ç
§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥i¯à¬Oµ§ªÌ¦b¯«¾Ç°|©M±Ð·|¤¤Á¿±Â©ÎÁ¿¸Ñ±o³Ì¦hªº¤@¨÷®Ñ¡G¦b±Ð·|¤è±¡Aµ§ªÌ´¿¦b·í¦~¡]1966¦~¡^©ÒÄݱз|¤@³s¦êªº¥D¤éÁ¿¹D»E·|¤¤Á¿§¹¾ã¨÷®Ñ¡A¤Q¦~«á¤S¦b¥t¤@±Ð·|ªº^¤å³¡¦¨¤H¥D¤é¾ÇÁ¿¸ÑC¿q°ò·þ¬°²½¥qªºÃD¥Ø¡Aªñ¦~¶¡¡]1990¡^¥ç´¿³sÄò¤»Ó¤ë¹j¶g¦b©ÒÄݱз|ªº¬d¸g¤p²Õ»E·|¤¤Á¿¸Ñ¥þ®Ñ¡C¦b¯«¾Ç°|¤è±¡Aµ§ªÌªì¦b¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|¥ô±Ð®É¡]1967-1969¦~¡^¡A©Ònt³d±Ð±Âªº¬ì¥Ø¤§¤@´N¬O¡u§Q¥¼°O¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡F¨ä«á©ó¤@¤E¤K¡³¦Ü¤K¤G¦~¶¡¡A´¿¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡v®Õ¥»³¡Á¿±Â§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¨â¦¸¡A¤S¦b©µ¦ù³¡Á¿±Â¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº«H®§»P¯«¾Ç¡v¢w¢w¸Ó¦¸¦³¤@¦Ê¤K¤Q¤H³øŪ¡A¬Oµ§ªÌ±Ð¾Ç¥Í²P¤¤ªº¤@¶µ°O¿ý¡I¤@¤E¤K¤E¦~©³¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v²æ½Z«á¦Ü¤µ¡A¨ä¶¡´X¥G¥|¦~ªºµ´¤j³¡¤À®É¶¡¡A´N¬O§ë¸ê¦b¼¶¼g¥»µùÄÀ¤W¡C
¾Ú»¡¡AµÛ¦Wªº·s¬ù¾ÇªÌ¿àºÖ¯S1¥D±Ð´¿µ¹¤©¥Lªº¤@Ӿǥͳo¼Ëªº©¾§i¡G§AYn¼g¤@¥»Ãö©ó¬YÃD¥Øªº®Ñ¡A´Nn§â¦³Ãö¸ÓÃD¥Øªº©Ò¦³µÛ§@¬Ý§¹¡I2µ§ªÌ¥²¶·©Ó»{¡A³o¬O¦Û¤vµLªk¹F¨ìªº²z·Q¡A¦b³o¤è±¥u¯à¶q¤O¦Ó¬°¡FY¥H¥»µùÄÀªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¸ò¡]Á|¨Ò»¡¡^·sªñ¨â¥»^¤åªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀªº®Ñ¥Ø¬Û¤ñ¡A3Ãø§K¦³¤p§Å¨£¤j§Å¤§·P¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¤´n¦V¡u¤¤¯«¡vªº¦P¤u±i²¤ªª®vPÁ¡G¥LºB´n¦a§â¤j¬ù¤@¦Ê¤¤Q¥÷ªº¤å³¹¼v¦L¥»Éµ¹µ§ªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦Óµ§ªÌ¤@É´N¬OÀY§À¥|¦~¡Iµ§ªÌ¤]°J¤ß·PÁ¦P¤u
Ãö©ó¥»µùÄÀ¡AÁÙ¦³´XÂInµy§@¥æ¥N¡G¡]¤@¡^¡u¤W«Ò¡v»P¡u¯«¡v¦b·N«ä¤W¨ÃµL¤À§O¡A¤G¦rªº¥Îªk¦³®É¬O¦]À³µÛè¤Þ¥Îªº¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªºÄ¶ªk¡A¦³®É¬O¬°¤F¸û¦nªº¥yªkªº½t¬G¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¡u¤W«Ò¤l¥Áªº¡K¡K¡v¦ü¥G³Ó©ó¡u¯«ªº¤l¥Áªº¡K¡K¡v¡^¡A¦³®É¬Æ¦Ü¥¼¸g¯S§Oªº«ä¦Ò¡C¡]¤G¡^¦L¥X¸g¤å®É¡A¬ùªº¤Þ¥y³£¬O«ö·Ó§Æþ¤å¸t¸gªº¤À¦æªk¡F¦¹ÂI¥i°Ñ·sĶ¥»¤Î²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªº°µªk¡C¡]¤T¡^¤@¸`¸g¤åY¤À¬°¤G©Î§ó¦h³¡¤À¡Aa¡Bb¡Bcµ¥¦r¥À©Ò¥Nªíªº¬Oì¤åªº¦¸§Ç¡A¤¤Ä¶¥»ªº¦¸§Ç¦³®É¤£¦P¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤@4¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^²¼gªíªº^¤å³¡¤À¥»¨¥ç¤À¬°¤G¡G¥ý¬O¤@¯ëªº¶µ¥Ø¡AµM«á¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤Î§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº±MÃD¬ã¨s¡C°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Øªº¡u¤A³¡¡G^¤å®Ñ¥Z¡v¤]·Ó¼Ë¤@¤À¬°¤G¡G¥ý¬O®Ñ¦W©Î¤å³¹ÃD¥Ø¤¤¦³´£¤Î¸g¤å³¹¸`ªº¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¡AµM«á¬O¨ä¥Lªº¡C¡]¤¡^¥»µùÄÀ¨S¦³§Æþ¦rµü¯Á¤Þ¡]¦¹ÂI»P¨ä©n©f§@¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡B¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e¡þ«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¤£¦P¡^¡A¦]¬°§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤ñ¸Ó¤T¨÷ªº«Où®Ñ«Hªø¦h¤F¡AµùÄÀ¥»¨ªº½g´T¥ç¤w¤£¤Ö¡A¦ü¥G¤£¾A©y¦Aªþ¥[³oºØ¡u°ø¨×«~¡v¡C§ó¦óªp¦ãÆF°¶ªºµùÄÀ¤w´£¨Ñ¤F§Æþ¦rµü¯Á¤Þ¡A4¦Ó¥B¥Lªº¦rµü¬ã¨sªº½d³ò¤ñµ§ªÌ©Ò¯à¯A¤Îªº§ó¼s¡C¡]¤»¡^¥»µùÄÀºÉ¶q¦b¦U¤j¬q¡]¦p¤jºõªº¡G³ü¡B¶L¡^¤Î¤À¬q¡]¦p¡G¤@¡B¤G¡^¤§«e´£¨Ñ¸Ó¬qªºµ²ºc©Î¤º®e¤ÀªR¡AŪªÌY¦b¾\Ū¨C¸`ªº°Q½×¤§¥ý©Î¦P®É¡A¦A¦¸°Ñ¦Ò³o¨Ç¤ÀªR¡A¥i¦³§U©óÁ×¥h¡u¥u¨£¾ð¤ì¡B¤£¨£´ËªL¡vªº¦MÀI¡C5¥h¦~¦¬¨ì¤@¦ì¥ô±Ð·|¶Ç¹Dªº¡u¤¤¯«¡v®Õ¤Íªº«H¡A¥Lªí¥Ü¡u²`²`·P¨ü¨ì¤@¥»º§À³e¹ý¡B¥BÄÄÄÀ¸ÔºÉ¡A¤S¯à¦X²z¸ÑÄÀ¨ä¤¤¡K¡KªºÄµ§iµ¥ªºÄÀ¸g®Ñ¡A¹ê¦b¦³²ö¤jªº»Ýn¡v¡C¥»µùÄÀ¯à§_º¡¨¬¤Wzªº»Ý¨D¡A¥u¯à¯d«ÝŪªÌ¦Û¤v¥h§PÂ_¡Fµ§ªÌ¥u¬OºÉ¤F´Ö¤O¡A¦b¥»¨ªººØºØ¨î¤U±µ¨ü¤F§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤§¬ã¨sªº¬D¾Ô¡C6µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¾aµÛ¤W«Òªº®¦¨å¡A¥»µùÄÀ²×©ó§¹¦¨¤F¡F¬°¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¦V¯«Äm¤W·PÁ¡A¤]¦hÁ´¿¬°µ§ªÌë§iªº¥D¤ºªÏÅé¡C¤º¤l»Pµ§ªÌ¦P¨«¤H¥Í¸ô¤w¾ú¤Ü¤¸ü¡A¨Ã¥B¤@ª½¤ä«ùµ§ªÌ¥þ¾¨Æ©^ªº¨M©w¡F¡u¤¤¯«¡vÄ~Äò´£¨Ñ¤è«Kªº¼g§@Àô¹Ò¡F³o¨Ç³£¬Oµ§ªÌ¥¼´±§ÑÃhªº®¦¨å¡C¬è¬ß¥»µùÄÀ¯àÀ°§U§ó¦hªºµØ¤H«H®{»{ÃÑ©MªY½à§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¿W¯Sªº«H®§¡A§óÄ@¤W«ÒÀ°§U§ÚÌ¥þ¤ßÊ¿à§Ṳ́j²½¥qC¿q°ò·þªºÂ¾¨Æ¡A§Y¨Ï¦b±wÃø»P¹G¢¤¤¡A¤´µM°í¦u©Ò«H¡A¦VµÛ§Ṳ́ѤW¨º¡u§ó¬üªº®a¶m¡v¡]¤Q¤@16¡^¡A´N¬O¡u¯«©Ò¸gÀç©Ò«Ø³yªº¡v¡]¤Q¤@10¡^¡u¨º±N¨Óªº«°¡v¡]¤Q¤T14¡^ÁÚ¶i¡C
¶¾½®©[ÂÔ»x
¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~¡@
»´ä¡@¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|
1 J. B. Lightfoot (1828-1889). Cf. R. E. Nixon¡ANIDCC 596.
2 See ExpT 104 (1992-93)
3 Ellingworthªº®Ñ¥Øªø¹F¤C¤Q¤¶(xxiv-xcviii)¡F°ÑLane II¦U¤À¬q¤§«eªº®Ñ¥Ø¡C
4 See Ellingworth 757-64.
5 Cf. Lane II xii.
6 °Ñð¦ö¤§¡G¡u±Ð·|¤§Áô¼~»P¬D¾Ô¡G¡]¤G¡^¯«¦X¥Îªº¤u¤H¡v¡A¡uª÷¿O»O¡v²Ä¤Q¤K´Á¡]88.11¡^¡G¡uµØ¤H±Ð·|ªºÁô¼~¡A¬O¯Ê¤Ö¸t¸g¬ã¨sªº¤u¤H¡C³oÁô¼~¤]À³¦¨¬°¬D¾Ô¡A¨Ï®É¥N¤u¤H«·sµÛ«¸t¸g¯u²z¡A¦X¥G¥D¥Î¡v¡]¸Ó¤åµ²»y¡^¡C
²¼gªí
¦êÄÀ ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡EµùÄÀ¥»¡v¡]»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|½s¼¶¡AÃÒ¹D¥Xª©ªÀ¥Xª©¡F·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1984¡A¬ù¥þ®Ñ1986¡A·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1987¡^
©M¦X ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡v¡]»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡F²{¥N¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1978¡^
«ä°ª ¡u¸t¸g¡v¡]»´ä«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|1968¡^
²{¤¤ ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡v¡]»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|1980¡^
·í¸t ¡u·í¥N¸t¸g¡v¡]»´ä¤Ñ¹D1979¡^
·sĶ ¡u¸t¸g·sĶ¥»¢w¢wÂQ¾Éª©¡v¡]»´ä¤Ñ¹D1992¡^
²©ú ¡u·s¬ù§Æº~²©ú¦r¨å¡v¡]Áp¦X¸t¸g¤½·|1989¡^
¥v ¥v§B¸ÛµÛ¡G¡u±æÂ_¥H¤Î©óC¿q¡]§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ²¤¸Ñ¡^¡v¡]¥x¥_¨£ÃҮѫÇ1973¡^
¥q}¥Á ¥q}¥ÁµÛ¡@³¯°¶©úĶ¡G¡u¥½¤Fªº¸Ü¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ·sÆ[¡v¡]»´äºØ¬ó1980¡^
§õ\cs16 §õ±`¨üµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥Í©RŪ¸g¡v¡]¥xÆWºÖµ®Ñ©Ð1984¡^
°¨ °¨¦³Ä¦µÛ¡G¡uµS¤Ó¤HªººÖµ¡G§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¸àÄÀ¡v¡]»´ä°ò¹D1991¡^
³¯¥É¬Â ³¯¥É¬ÂµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ²LÄÀ¡v¡]»´ä³¯°¶±X1966/1971¡^
¶À ¶À©¼±oµÛ¡G¡u»{ÃѵL¤ñªº°ò·þ¡v¡]¦L¥§º¿²wªF«n¨È¸t¹D¯«¾Ç°|1991/1992¡^
³¯«h«H ³¯«h«HµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤¤¤ßªº«H®§¡v¡]»´ä°ò·þ®{¥Xª©ªÀ1981¡^
³Á¬_¤D ³Á¬_¤DµÛ¡@§d²×·½Ä¶¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡]¥xÆW¥ú±Ò1976¡^
³¯²×¹D ³¯²×¹DµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]×qª©¡A»´ä«Å¹D1973¡^
±dº¸§B ±dº¸§BµÛ¡@§f²ÐºÝĶ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºÅ«¸oÆ[¡v¡]»´ä«H¸q©vÁp¦X¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¤é´Á¤£¸Ô¡^
¸ë ¸ë¥É»ÊµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]¥xÆW°ò·þ±Ð¤Ñ¤HªÀ1969¡^
¼¯®Ú §¢§B¡E¼¯®ÚµÛ¡@±i¥@¿Å¡þÁé¶V®RĶ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡]¬ü°ê¬¡¬u1990¡^
¼} ¼}¦w±o¯PµÛ¡G¡u¦Ü¸t©Ò¡]§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡^¡v¡]»´ä¤¤µØ¯«¾Ç°|1955/1963¡^
AB Anchor
Bible
AJBA Australian
Journal of Biblical Archaeology
AJT
AnBib Analecta
Biblica
AUSS
AV Authorized
(King James) Version
BAGD W.
Baur - W. F. Arndt - F. W. Gingrich - F.W. Danker, A
Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979)
BDF F.
Blass - A. Debrunner - R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammer of the New Testament and
Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1961/1967)
Bib Biblica
BibT Biblical
Theology
BibTrans The
Bible Translator
BJRL Bulletin
of
BNTC Black's
New Testament Commentaries
BR Biblical
Research
BS Bibliotheca
Sacra
BTB Biblical
Theology Bulletin
BZ Biblische
Zeitschrift
CBQ Catholic
Biblical Quarterly
CBQMS Catholic
Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series
CBSC
CJT Canadian
Journal of Theology
Concordance Concordance
to the Novum Testamentum Graece (3rd ed.;
CTJ Calvin
Theological Journal
CTM Concordia
Theological Monthly
Dana-Mantey H.
E. Dana - J. R. Mantey, A Manual Grammer of the Greek New
Testament (New York 1927/1955)
EAJT
EBD Eerdmans
Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. A. C. Myers (Grand Rapids
1987/1989)
EDNT Exegetical
Dictionary of the New Testament, ed H. Balz and G. Schneider (3 vols;
Grand Rapids 1990-93)
EGT The
Expositor's Greek Testament, ed W. R. Nicoll (5 vols;
EQ Evangelical
Quarterly
ERT Evangelical
Review of Theology
E. T. English
Translation
ExpT Expository
Times
FS Festschrift
GNS Good
News Studies
GTJ Grace
Theological Journal
HeyJ Heythrop
Journal
HNTC Harper's
New Testament Commentaries [=American version of BNTC]
HTR Harvard
Theological Review
IBD Illustrated
Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer (3 parts; Leicester
1980)
IBS Irish
Biblical Studies
IDB/IDBS The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed G. A.
Buttrick et al. (4 vols;
Idiom C.
F. D. Moule, An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek (2nd ed.;
Int Interpretation
ISBER The
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed G. W.
Bromiley et al. (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids 1979-88)
IVPNTCS Inter-Varsity
Press New Testament Commentary Series
JBL Journal
of Biblical Literature
JETS Journal
of the Evangelical Theological Society
JSNT Journal
for the Study of the New Testament
JSNTSS Journal
for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series
JSOTSS Journal
for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
JTS Journal
of Theological Studies
LN J.
P. Louw - E.A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New
Testament based on Semantic Domains (2 vols;
New York 1988/1989)
LSJ A Greek-English Lexicon, by H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, 9th
edition revised by H. S. Jones (Oxford 1940/1976)
LXX Septuaginta, ed A. Rahlfs (2 vols;
MBS Message
of Biblical Spirituality
Metzger B.
M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New
Testament (London and New York 1971)
MHT J.
H. Moulton - W. F. Howard - N. Turner, A Grammar
of New Testament Greek (4 vols; Edinburgh 1906-76)
MM J.
H. Moulton - G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London 1930/1972)
Moods and Tenses E. D. Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (Grand Rapids, 1973 reprint)
MT Masoretic
Text
NASB New
American Standard Bible
NBCR New Bible Commentary Revised, ed D. Guthrie et al. (
NCBC New
Century Bible Commentary
NDT New
Dictionary of Theology, ed S. B. Ferguson and D. F. Wright (Leicester
and Downers Grove 1988)
Nestle-Aland Nestle-Aland,
Greek-English New Testament (26th
rev.ed;
Neot Neotestamentica
NIBC New
International Biblical Commentary
NICNT New
International Biblical Commentary on the New Testament
NIDCC New
International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed J. D.
Douglas et al. (
NIDNTT New
International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed C
Brown (E.T., 3 vols; Grand Rapids 1975-78)
NIGTC New
International Greek Testament Commentary
NIV New
International Version
NIVSB The
NIV Study Bible, ed K. Barker et al. (
NLCNT
NovT Novum
Testamentum
NS/n.s. New
series
NTA New
Testament Abstracts
NTM New
Testament Message
NTS New
Testament Studies
NTTS New
Testament Tools and Studies
PTR
QR Quarterly
Review
RestQ Restoration
Quarterly
RevExp Review
and Expositor
RSV Revised
Standard Version
RTR Reformed
Theological Review
RV Revised
Version
SBET Scottish
Bulletin of Evangelical Theology
SBL (MS) Society
of Biblical Literature (Monograph Series)
SBT Studies
in Biblical Theology
SuppNovT Supplements
to Novum Testament
SWJT Southwestern
Journal of Theology
TD Theology
Digest
TDNT Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, ed G. W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols; Grand
Rapids 1964-74), with index (10th) volume by R. E. Pitkin (1976)
TDNTA Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G. W.
Bromiley (Gramd Rapids 1985)
TDOT Theological
Dictionary of the Old Testament, d G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren
(E.T., 6 vols to date; 1974-90)
Thayer J.
H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated, revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York n.d.)
TNTC Tyndale
New Testament Commentary
TOTC Tyndale
Old Testament Commentary
TrinJ Trinity
Journal
TToday Theology
Today
TynB Tyndale
Bulletin
TU Texte
und Untersuchungen
VE Vox
Evangelica
Verbal Aspect S.
E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New
Testament, with Reference to Tense and Mood (Studies
in Biblical Greek, vol. 1; New York 1989)
WBC Work
Biblical Commentary
WTJ
Zerwick M.
Zerwick, Biblical Greek (E.T.;
Rome 1963)
A. B. Bruce A.
B. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews: The First Apology
for Christianity (1899;
Archer G.
L. Archer, Jr., The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Study Manual (Grand Rapids 1957/1974)
Attridge I H.
W. Attridge, 'Hebrews', in Harper's Bible Commentary, ed J. L. Mays et al. (
Attridge II H.
W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Hermeneia; Philadephia 1989)
Barclay I W.
Barclay, Epistle to the Hebrews (Bible Guides 20; London and New York 1965)
Barclay II W.
Barclay, The Letter to the Hebrews (Daily Study Bible; rev. ed.; Philadelphia 1976)
Bourke M.
M. Bourke, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', in The New
Jerome Biblical Commentary, ed R. E. Brown et al. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ 1990), 920-41
Bowman J.
W. Bowman, Hebrews, James I & II Peter (
Brown R.
Brown, Christ Above All: The Message of Hebrews (Leicester 1982)
Bruce I F.
F. Bruce, 'Hebrews', in Peake's Commentary on the Bible, ed M. Black and H. H. Rowley (London 1962/1967), 1008-19
Bruce II F.
F. Bruce, Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (NLCNT; London 1964)
Bruce III F.
F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews (NICNT; Grand Rapids 1990)
Buchanan G.
W. Buchanan, To the Hebrews (AB 36;
Garden City 1972/1978)
Calvin J.
Calvin, The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the
Hebrews and the First and Second Epistles of St. Peter (E.T., Edinburgh 1963)
Casey J.
Casey, Hebrews (NTM 18;
Wilmington, DE 1980/1987)
Cheung L.
L. Cheung, 'Faith in Hebrews' (unpublished M.Th. thesis,
D'Angelo M.
R. D'Angelo, Moses in the Letter to the Hebrews (SBLDS 42; Missoula 1979)
Dods M.
Dods, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', EGT 4.219-381
Ellingworth P.
Ellingworth, Commentary on Hebrews (NIGTC; Grand Rapids 1993)
Ellingworth-Nida P. Ellingworth
- E. A. Nida, A Translator's Handbook on the Letter to the
Hebrews (HFT; Stuttgart 1983)
Filson F.
V. Filson, 'Yesterday': A Study of Hebrews in the Light
of Chapter 13 (SBT 2/4; London 1967)
Fuller R.
H. Fuller, 'Hebrews', in Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, Jude,
Revelation by R. H. Fuller et al. (Proclamation
Commentaries; Philadelphia 1977)
G. B. Wilson G.
B. Wilson, Hebrews: A Digest of Reformed Comment (
G. Hughes G.
Hughes, Hebrews and Hermeneutics: The Epistle to the
Hebrews as a New Testament example of biblical interpretation (SNTSMS 36; Cambridge 1979)
Gooding D.
Gooding, An Unshakeable Kingdom: The Letter to the
Hebrews for Today (2nd ed.;
Guthrie D.
Guthrie, The Letter to the Hebrews (TNTC; Leicester and Grand Rapids 1983)
Hagner D.
A. Hagner, Hebrews (NIBC 14;
Peabody, MA 1983/1990)
Hewitt T.
Hewitt, The Epistle to the Hebrews (TNTC; London 1960)
Isaacs M.
E. Isaacs, Sacred Space: An Approach to the Theology of
the Epistle to the Hebrews (JSNTSS 73; Sheffield 1992)
Jewett R.
Jewett, Letter to Pilgrims: A Commentary on the
Epistle to the Hebrews (New Youk 1981)
Kasemann
Kistemaker S.
J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews (
Lane I W.
L. Lane, Call to Commitment: Responding to the Message
of Hebrews (
Lane II
Lehne
Lindars B.
Lindars, The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews (
McDonnell R.
McDonnell, 'Hebrews', The Catholic Epistle & Hebrews (MBS 14; Wilmington, DE 1986) 79-115
Milligan G.
Milligan, The Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews (1899;
Moffatt J.
Moffatt, The Epistle to the Hebrews (ICC; Edinburgh 1924/1979)
Motefiore H.
W. Montefiore, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (BNTC; London 1964/1977)
Morgan G.
C. Morgan, God's Last Word to Man: Studies in Hebrews (Grand Rapids, 1975 reprint)
Morris I L.
Morris, 'Hebrews', in The Daily Commentary, co-ordinating editor A.E. Cundall (4 vols;
Morris II L.
Morris, 'Hebrews', in The Expositor's Bible Commentary, Vol. 12 ed. F. E. Gaebelein et al. (
Morris III L.
Morris, Hebrews (Bible
Study Commentary; Grand Rapids 1983)
Nairne A.
Nairne, The Epistle to the Hebrews (CBSC; London 1921)
P. E. Hughes P.
E. Hughes, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (
Peterson D.
Peterson, Hebrews and Perfection: An Examination of
the Conception of Perfection in the
Epistle to the Hebrews (SNTSMS 47; Cambridge 1982)
Pfitzner V.
C. Pfitzner, Hebrews (ChiRho
commentary; Adelaide 1979)
Purdy A.
C. Purdy, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', in The
Interpreter's Bible, Vol. 11 ed G. A. Buttrick et al. (New
York and Nashville 1955)m 575-763
R. McL. Wilson R.
McL. Wilson, Hebrews (NCBC;
Grand Rapids and Basingstoke 1987)
Richards L.
Richards, The Complete Christian: Insights for Life
from the Book of Hebrews (Wheaton 1975/1976)
Schneider J.
Schneider, The Letter to the Hebrews (E.T., Grand Rapids 1957)
Scholer J.
M. Scholer, Proleptic Priests: Priesthood in the Epistle
to the Hebrews (JSNTSS 49; Sheffield 1991)
Stedman R.
C. Stedman, Hebrews (IVPNTCS;
Downers Grove and Leicester 1992)
Stibbs A.
M. Stibbs, 'Hebrews', in NBCR 1191-221
Swetnam J.
Swetnam, Jesus and Isaac: A Study of the Epistle to
the Hebrews in the Light of the Aqedah (AnBib
94; Rome 1981)
Synge F.
C. Synge, Hebrews and the Scriptures (
Thomas W.
H. G. Thomas, Hebrews: A Devotional Commentary (Grand Rapids, 1975 reprint)
Vanhoye I A.
Vanhoye, A Structured Translation of the Epistle to
the Hebrews (E.T., Rome 1964)
Vanhoye II A.
Vanhoye, Structure and Message of the Epistle to the
Hebrews (E.T., Rome 1989)
Vos I G.
Vos, 'Hebrews, the Epistle of the Diatheke', PTR 13 (1915) 587-632, 14 (1916)
Vos II G.
Vos, The Teaching of the Epistle to the Hebrews, edited and re-written by J. G. Vos (Nutley, NJ 1977)
Westcott B.
F. Westcott, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids, 1977 reprint)
¾É½×
«ö¸`¼Æpºâ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡]303¸`¡^¬Û·í©ó¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Î©«¼»ÅÞ¥§{«á®ÑªºÁ`©M¡]149 + 104
+47 = 300¸`¡^¡C¥Ñ¦¹±À²z¡A¥»®Ñªº¾É½×³¡¤À¥ç¥i¥Hªø¹Fµ§ªÌªº¸Ó¤T¥»µùÄÀ®Ñªº¾É½×³¡¤ÀªºÁ`©M¢w¢w32 + 41 +
40 = 113¶¡I¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b³s°¶·G1991¦~¥Xª©ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¤¤¡A¾É½×³¡¤À´N¦û¤F111¶ªº½g´T¡]¦û¾É½×»P¸g¤åµùÄÀ¤§Á`©Mªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¤»±j¡^¡F1¦b1993¦~±µ¿æ¦Ó¨Óªº¥t¤@¹dÄm¤¤¢w¢w¦ãÆF°¶ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¢w¢w¾É½×³¡¤À¤]ªø¹F85¶¡]¦û¤F¾É½×»P¸g¤åµùÄÀ¤§Á`©Mªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¤@±j¡^¡C2¤£¹L¡A¥»µùÄÀªº¾É½×¤£·|¹³¤Wzªº¨âÓ¨Ò¤l¨º»òªø¡Aì¦]¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨âÓ¡G¡]¤@¡^µ§ªÌ¯Ê¥F¨º¤G¦ìµùÄÀªÌªº¼s³Õª¾ÃÑ©M¾Ç¾i¡AµL±q®Äªk¥L̨º¼sªx©M²`¤Jªº°Q½×¡C¡]¤G¡^§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ©Ò¯A¤Îªº¾É½×°ÝÃD¡A´N¦p§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡BŪªÌ¬O½Ö¡B¥»®Ñ¼g©ó¦ó®É¦ó¦a¡B¼g§@ªºì¦]©M¥Øªºµ¥¡A´X¥G¥þ³¡¨S¦³ªÖ©w¡]§ó¹N½×¤½»{¡^ªºµª®×¡F¦b¦¹±¡ªp¤U¡A¸g¤åªº¸ÑÄÀ´N¤£·|¤Ó¨ü³o¨Ç°ÝÃDªºµª®×©Ò¥ª¥k¡A¦Ó¨âªÌ¬Û¤ñ¤§¤U¡A§@ªÌ«H®§ªº¤º®e»·¤ñ¾É½×°ÝÃDªº°Q½×«n¡C3¦]¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¤£¥´ºâµ¹¤©¾É½×³¡¤À¤Ó¦hªº½g´T¡A¤×¨ä¦]¬°µùÄÀ³¡¤À©Ò¦ûªº½g´T¤w¤£¤Ö¤F¡I4¥Ñ©ó¥»µùÄÀ±µ¨ü¥»®Ñ²Ä¤Q¤T³¹¬°§@ªÌìµÛ¤@³¡¤Àªº¥ß³õ¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T1-6µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¡^¡A¦]¦¹¸Ó³¹ªº¤@¨Ç¸ê®Æ«K¥i¤Þ¥Î¬°¥i¥HÀ°§U§Ú̪º°Q½×ªº¤ºÃÒ¡C
1 Lane II xlvii-clvii.
2 Ellingworth 1-85.
3 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GPurdy
4 I. H.
¥Ñ©óµ§ªÌ¤£¥´ºâ°Q½×¥»®Ñªº«ä·QI´ºªº°ÝÃD¡A¬G¦¹¦b³oùØ¥ý¹ï¦¹°ÝÃDµy§@¥æ¥N¡C«ä·QI´º©Ò¯A¤Îªº°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O®Ñ¤¤ªº«ä·Q©M½ÒÃD¬O¨Ó¦Û¦óºØ¤å¤Æ©Mª¾ÃÑÀô¹Òªº°ÝÃD¡C¹ï¦¹°ÝÃD¬ã¨s±o³Ì¸ÔºÉªº¡A¥iºâ¬OHurst¡]¨£Â²¼gªí¡^¡C¥L¨Ì¦¸°Q½×¤F¥H¤Uªº«D°ò·þ±ÐI´º¢w¢w»pù¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó©M¬f©Ô¹Ï¥D¸q¡]7-42¡Aµ²½×¨£41-42¡^¡F©øÄõªÀ¹Î¡]43-66¡Aµ²½×¨£65-66¡^¡F°ò·þ±Ð¤§«eªº¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸q¡]67-75¡Aµ²½×¨£74-75¡^¡F¼»º¿§Q¨È¤H¡]75-82¡Aµ²½×¨£\cs1582¡^¡FµS¤Ó¤HªºMerkabah¯«¯µ¥D¸q¡]82-85¡Aµ²½×¨£84-85¡^¡F¤Î¥H¤Uªº°ò·þ±ÐI´º¢w¢w¥q´£¤Ïªº¶Ç²Î¡]89-106¡Aµ²½×¨£105-06¡^¡F«Où¯«¾Ç¡]107-24¡Aµ²½×¨£124¡^¡F©¼±o«e®Ñ¡]125-30¡Aµ²½×¨£130¡^¡C¥L³Ì«áªºµ²½×¬O¡G¼vÅT¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¬O¥H¤U¥|ºØ¤O¶q¡G¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¬Y¨Ç¬q¸¨¡F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤C³¹©Ò«O¦sªº¨ººØ¹ï¬ùªº¥Îªk¡F»P¡u¹³«Où¡vªº¯«¾Çªº±µÄ²¡F¥H¤Î»PµS¤Ó±Ò¥Ü¤å¾Ç¬Y¨Ç¬Ýªkªº±µÄ²(131-33¡Aesp. 133)¡C«öLane II ciii-cxiiªº¤ÀªR¡A¼vÅT¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ³Ì²`ªº«ä·QI´º¡A´N¬O¦´Áªº°ò·þ±Ð¶Ç²Î¡A¤×¨ä¬O³z¹L»¡§Æþ»yªº±Ð·|©Ò¶Ç»¼¤U¨Óªº¦´Á°ò·þ±Ð¶Ç²Î(cxii).
³ü¡@§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ
§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¬O¤£¨ã¦Wªº§@«~¡C¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤G¸`ªº¡u²Ó»¡¡v¦bì¤å¬°³æ¼Æªº¶§©Ê¤Àµü¡A³oªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¬OÓ¨k¤h¡C¦b·s¬ùªº©Ò¦³®Ñ¨÷¤¤¡A¥»®Ñ®i¥Ü¤F³ÌÀu¶®ªº§Æþ¤åÅé¡F§@ªÌÅãµM´¿¨ü§Æþ±Ð¨|¡]¥]¬AÃã¥O¾Ç¡^¡Bºë³q§Æþ¤å¡A¨Ã¥B¼ô±x§Æù¥@¬É¤@¯ëªº¤å¤ÆÀô¹Ò¡C1¥L§óºë³q¬ù¸t¸g¡A¤]¼ô±xµS¤Ó¤Hªº©v±Ð«ä·Q¡F¥LªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y³£¬O¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡C2¥Ñ¦¹±À½×¡A§@ªÌ·¥¥i¯à¬O»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡C¤£¹L¡A§@ªÌ¤£¬O¼»³£¸Ó¤H¡]©Î¼»º¿§Q¨È¤H¡^¡A¦]¬°¥L±µ¨ü¸Ö½g»P¼¯¦è¤¸g¤@¼Ë¬°¸t¸gªº¤@³¡¤À¡C3§@ªÌ¬OŪªÌ©Ò»{ÃѪº¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡F¥L¥i¯à¬O»P´£¼¯¤Ó¦PÄÝ«Où°é¤lªº¤H¡]¨£¤Q¤T23µùÄÀº¬q¥½¡^¡C¹³ÅªªÌ¤@¼Ë¡A§@ªÌ¤£¬OC¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¡A¦Ó¬O±q¤@¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùØ»â¨üºÖµªº¡]¤G3¡^¡C
¦Ü©ó§@ªÌ¸û·Ç½Tªº¨¤À¡A¦ãÆF°¶«ü¥XÄÀ¸gªÌ¦@´£¨Ñ¤F¤£¤U¤Q¤TÓ¤£¦Pªº¦W¦r¡A¨ä¤¤¤j¬ù¥b¼Æ¦³¨ä¥Lªº§@«~³Q»{¬°¬O¥X¦Û¥L̪º¤âµ§¡F³o¨Ç¦W¦r¥]¬A«Où¡Bù°¨ªº²§Q§K¡B¸ô¥[¡B¤Ú®³¤Ú¡B©¼±o¡]©Î¨ä¥Nµ§¤H¦è©Ô¡^¡BµS¤j¡B¥q´£¤Ï¡BµÌ§Q¡]®{¤»5¡^¡B¨È²z´µ´£¦w¡B¦Ê°ò©Ô¡]©M¨È©~©Ô¡^¡B°¨§Q¨È¡B¥H¤Ú¥±¡A©M¨Èªiù¡C4¥H¤U¿ï¨ú³¡¤Àªº¦W¦r²¤¥[°Q½×¡C
1 so Isaacs 46-47. Cf. Westcott xliv; 'The language of the
Epistle is both in vocabulary and style purer and more vigorous than that of
any other book of the N.T.'
2 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 37; Isaacs 48-49; Bruce III 15 n.61; McCullough,
'Research on Hebrews II' 28-31.
3 So Buchanan 263. ¼»º¿§Q¨È¤Hªº¸t¸g¥¿¨å¥u¥]¬A¼¯¦è¤¸g(EBD
4 Cf. Ellingworth 3-21. ¦¹¥~ÁÙ¥i¥[¤W´£¼¯¤Ó(Attridge II
«Où
¦b²{¦sªº³Ì¦¥]¬A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤@¤À¥j¨÷5ùØ¡A¥»®Ñ³Q¸m©ó«Oùªº®Ñ«H¤¤¡A©ñ¦bù°¨®Ñ¤§«á¡C³oÓ¦ì¸m¤Ï¬M¤F¤G¥@¬ö¤¤¸®ÉªF¤è±Ð·|¢w¢w§ó©ú½T¦a»¡¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|¢w¢w¹ï¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡]«Où¡^¤Î¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬¡]®Ñ«H¡^ªº¬y¦æ¬Ýªk¡C®Ú¾ÚÀu¦è¤ñ¯Q¡]¬ù265-¬ù339¡^ªº°O¸ü¡G¡]¤@¡^¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº²§Q§K¡]¬ù155-¬ù220¡^»{¬°¡G¥»®Ñ¬O¥Ñ«Où¥H§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¼g¦¨¡AµM«á¥Ñ¸ô¥[Ķ¦¨§Æþ¤åªº¡F¥Ñ©ó¦¹«Hªº¹ï¶H¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡A¦Ó¥L̹ï«Où¦s¦³°¾¨£ºÃ¤ß¡A¬G¦¹«Où´NÂÔ·V¦æ¨Æ¡A§â¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r¬Ù²¤¤£´£¡C¡]¤G¡^«X§Q®Ú¡]¬ù185-¬ù254¡^«h»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¨Ï®{«Oùªº¤@Óªù®{§â«Oùªº«ä·Q¼g¤U¨Óªºµ²ªG¡F¦Ü©ó½Ö¼g¦¨¥»®Ñ¡A´N¥u¦³¤W«Ò¾å±o¤F¡C6ÁöµM²§Q§K©M«X§Q®Ú³£¤£ª½±µ¥H«Où¬°¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¦ý¦b²Ä¤T¥@¬ö®É¡A«Où¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¦¹¬Ýªk¤w¬°ªF¤èªº±Ð·|´¶¹M±Ä¯Ç¡F¨È¥L®³×¡]¬ù296-373¡^ªº²Ä¤Ê¤E¥÷¸`¤é¤å§i¡]367¡^¡A¦C¥X¤F«Oùªº¤Q¥|«Ê®Ñ«H¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Q©ñ¦b©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ©M´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¤§¶¡¡C7
¦è¤è±Ð·|¡]·N¤j§Q¤Î¥_«D¡^«h¤@ª½©Úµ´±µ¨ü«Où¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡Aª½¨ì¥|¥@¬ö¥½¸¡A¤~¦bC¬X¦Ì¡]¬ù345-¬ù419¡^©M¶ø¥j´µ¤B¡]354-430¡^ªº¼vÅT¤U§ïÅܤF¥¦ªº¥ß³õ¡C§Æ©Y¤j¤½·|ij¡]393¡^©M{¤Ó°ò²Ä¤T¦¸¤j¤½·|ij¡]397¡^¡A¤´µM°Ï§O¡u¨Ï®{«Oùªº¤Q¤T«Ê®Ñ«H¡v©M¡u¦P¤@§@ªÌªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡F¦ý{¤Ó°ò²Ä¤»¦¸¤j¤½·|ij¡]419¡^¡A«h¦n¹³²z©Ò·íµM¦a´£¨ì«Oùªº¡u¤Q¥|«Ê®Ñ«H¡v¡C8¨ä¹ê¡A¶ø¥j´µ¤B©MC¬X¦ÌÀH¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|¤§¥ý¨Ò©Ó»{¥»®Ñ¬°«Oùªº§@«~¡A¥Dn¤£¬O¦]¥L̳Q¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ»¡ªA¡A¦Ó¬O¦]¬°¥H¥»®Ñ¬°¨Ï®{ªº§@«~¥i¥H«OÅ@¥»®Ñªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¡F¦]¬°¦b°ò·þ±Ðªº³Ìªì¼ÆÓ¥@¬ö¤¤¡A¥¿¨å©M§@ªÌªº°ÝÃD±`©¼¦¹²o¯A¡A¥»®Ñ¤×¨ä¬O³o¼Ë¡C¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|±j½Õ¥¿¨åªº¤@±¡A¬J»{¬°¥»®Ñ¡]¦]¨ä¥»¨ªº¯À½è¡^À³³Q¦C¤J¥¿¨å¤§¤º¡A«K§â¥¦»P«Oùªº®Ñ«H¨Ã¦C¤@°_¡F¦è¤è±Ð·|«h±j½Õ§@ªÌªº¤@±¡A¬J»{¬°¥»®Ñ¨Ã¤£¬O«Où©Ò¼g¡A«K¡]°_ªì¿ù»~¦a¡^§_»{¥¦ªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¡]¨ä¹ê¥»®Ñªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¤£¥²¨Ì¿à¥¦¬O«Oùªº§@«~¡^¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥»¨ªºÀu¶V©Ê½è¨Ï¥¦¤£¯à¤£³Q¯Ç¤J¥¿¨å¤§¤º¡A¦Ó¦ü¥G¦´Á±Ð·|§â¥¦¯Ç¤J¥¿¨åªº³~®|¡A´N¬Oµ¹¥¦©Ü¤W¨Ï®{«Oùªº¥~¦ç¡I9
±q¤Wzªº¤j¤½·|ij®É°_¡A«Où¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¬Ýªk«K¦P¬°ªF¤è¤Î¦è¤è±Ð·|©Ò±µ¯Ç¡Aª½¦Ü©v±Ð§ï²®É´Á¤~¥Ñ¥ì©Ô´µ©i¡B¸ô¼w¤Î¥[º¸¤åµ¥¤H¹ï¦¹¬Ýªk´£¥X½èºÃ¡C10ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð¤§¤Ñ¯S·|ij¡]¤Ï§ï±Ð¹B°Êªº¥Dn¤u¨ã¡^©ó1546¦~
ÁöµM¥»®Ñªº¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¦³¦h³B»P«Oùªº¯«¾Ç«ä·Q§k¦X¡A¨¬¥Hªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¬O«Où°é¤lªº¤@¤À¤l¡A14¦ý¥L·¥¤£¥i¯à¬O«Où¡A¦]¬°¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ¤£¦ý§¹¥þ¨S¦³ÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¦³¨Ï®{ªºÅv¬`¡A³s¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r¤]¨S¦³´£¤Î¡A³o°µªk§¹¥þ¤£¹³«Où¡C¡]¤G¡^¤G³¹¤T¸`ªí¥Ü¡A§@ªÌ¬O±qC¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùØ»â¨üºÖµªº¡A³o»P«OùªºÁnºÙ¡]¥[¤@12¡GºÖµÁ{¨ì¥Lªº¤è¦¡¡A¬O¤W«Ò§â°ò·þ±Ò¥Üµ¹¥L15¡^~²§¡C¡]¤T¡^¥»®Ñ¤Q¤ÀÀu¶®ªº¤åÅé©M«D±`¤u¾ãªº¥y¤lµ²ºc¡A¸ò«Où®Ñ«H¸û²ÊÁWªº¤åÅé¥ç¦³ÅãµÛªº¤À§O¡C16Y¥»®ÑªºÅªªÌ¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡]¨£¤U¤å²Ä¤G¸`ªº°Q½×¡^¡A¦¹ÂI«K§ó¤£§Q©ó§@ªÌ¬O«Où¤§»¡¡G¬°¬Æ»ò«Où¥H³o»òÀu¶®ªº¤åÅé¼g«Hµ¹§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡A«o¦b¨ä¥Lªº®Ñ«H¥H¨º»ò²ÊÁWªº¤åÅé¼gµ¹»¡§Æþ»yªºÅªªÌ¡S17¡]¥|¡^¥»®Ñªº¦r·J¸ò«Où®Ñ«Hªº¦r·J¤§¶¡¦³²³¦h©úÅ㪺¤À§O¡A³o¨Ç¦r·J¥]¬A¡G¦³Ãöª¾ÃÑ©M±Ò¥Üªº¦r¡Fªí¹F·P±¡ªº¦r¡F¦³Ãö¥Í©R©M¦º¤`ªº¦r¡FÃö¥G¯à¤O¡Bª§¾Ô©M¼f§Pªº¦r¡F¨ä¥L¦³Ãö¤Hªºµ²ºc¤ÎÛ²z¤è±ªº¦r¡F¦³Ãö¤W«Ò¤l¥Áªº¦r¡F·q«ô¤è±ªº¦r¡]¥]¬A¥Î¨Ó°Q½×«H®{¸sÅ餺¤§Ãö«Yªº¦r¡^¡F´£¤Î§@ªÌ¥»¨ªº³B¹Ò¤Î¤u§@ªº¦r¡F¤W«Òªº¦W¦r©MºÙ¸¹¡C¬Æ¦Ü·í¥»®Ñ»P«Où½×¤Î¬Û¦Pªº½ÒÃD®É¡A¤GªÌ¥ç¦³¨Ï¥Î¤£¦Pªº¦P¸qµü¨Ó¥[¥Hµo´§ªºÁͶաC18¡]¤¡^¦b¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¤è±¡A¥»®Ñ»P«Où¤§¶¡¥ç¦³«nªº¤À§O¡A¨Ò¦p¡G«Où±j½Õ°ò·þªº¦º»P´_¬¡¡A¥»®Ñ«h±j½ÕÍ¢ªº¨ü¦º»P³Q°ªÁ|¡A¥u¦³¤@¦¸´£¨ìÍ¢ªº´_¬¡¡]¤Q¤T20¡F°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤¬q¡^¡F°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¨¤À©M¤u§@¬O¥»®Ñªº¤¤¤ß½ÒÃD¡A¦ý«Où¨ÃµL´£¤Î°ò·þ¬O¤j²½¥q¡F¹ï«Où¨Ó»¡¡A«ßªk¥Dn¬O¥Nªí¤W«Ò¦®·NªºÛ²z©Êªºn¨D¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ½×¤Î«ßªk®É¡A¨äµÛ²´ÂI«o¬O¦b©ó«ßªk¤D¾ã®M¦³Ãö²½¥q¡B²½Äm¡B±R«ô§»öµ¥¨Æ©yªº«ß¨Ò¡]°Ñ¤C12µùÄÀ²Ä¤T¬q¡^¡C¡]¤»¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¤ÞªºÂ¬ù¸g¤å¬Ò¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡A¦ý«Oùªº¤Þ¥y¥]¬A¤@¨Ç»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¸t¸g¬Û¦P¡B¦Ó»P¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¦³§Oªº¸g¤å¡F19«Où±`¥Î¡u¦p¸g¤W©Ò°O¡e¡u°O¡vì¤å§@¡u¼g¡v¡f¡v¡]¨Ò¦p¡Gù¤@17¡^³o¤Þ¤¶¤½¦¡¡A¨Ã¦h¦¸´£¥X¤Þ¥yªº¥X³B¡]¨Ò¦p¡Gù¥|6-7¡u¤j½Ã¡K¡K»¡¡v¡F¤E25¡u¯«¦b¦ó¦èªü®Ñ¤W»¡¡v¡B29¡u¥HÁɨȥý«e»¡¡v¡^¡F20¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ«h¬Æ¤Ö´£¤Î¤Þ¥yªº¥X³B¡]°Ñ¥|7¡^¡A¦Ó³ß¥Î¡u¦³¤H¦b¡K¡K¬Y³B¡K¡K»¡¡v¡]¤G6¡^©Î¡u¦³¤@³B»¡¡K¡K¤S¦³¤@³B»¡¡v¡]¥|4¡B5¡^µ¥¸û§t½kªºÁ¿ªk¡A¨Ã¥B±q¨S¦³¥Î¸g¤W¡u°O¡vµÛ³oÓÁ¿ªk¡]¤Q7ªº¡u°O¸ü¡v¬O¤Þ¥yªº¤@³¡¤À¡^¡C21°ò©ó¤Wz¤Î¨ä¥Lªº²z¥Ñ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¨Ã«D«Où¤w¬O¤µ¤Ñ¸t¸g¾Ç³N¬É¤½»{ªº©w½×¡C
5 ¤T¥@¬ö¦´ÁªºChester Beatty papyrus (P46)
6 Cf. Westcott lxvi-lxviii; Ellingworth
4-5.
7 Westcott lxxii¡Alxxiv.
8 Bruce III 17. ¦P®Ñ¶23µù96«ü¥X¡A§ÚÌ©Ò¼ô±xªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¦b·s¬ù¤¤ªº¦ì¸m¡]¦b¤Q¤T«Ê«Où®Ñ«H¤§«á¡^¡A¤Ï¬M¤F¡u¦´Áªº¦è¤è±Ð·|¿ð¿ð¤£±µ¨ü¥»®Ñ¬°«Où¤§§@¡v¦¹¤@¨Æ¹ê¡C
9 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GBruce III 22-23; Westcott lxxi; Dods 221.
Cf. Perrin, INT 137; d. Guthrie¡AISBER 2.665b.
10 Cf. Westcott lxxiv-lxxv.
11 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡G
12 Cf. Ku/mmel, INT 394; McCullough, 'Research on Hebrews' 142; Ellingworth,
'Anticipation' 6b.
13 ¦b¤@¨Ç¸û³q«UªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤¤«h¤´µM¥X²{¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¥q}¥Á5¡F§õ63¡C«áªÌ¡u½T«H§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¬O¨Ï®{«Où¼gªº¡A¦]¬°¦b¥»®Ñªº¥½¤FÃD¨ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡v¡C¦ý¥H¦¹¬°²z¥Ñ¥i»¡²£¥Í¤F¤Ï®ÄªG('this turns out to be a boomerang',
Harrison, INT 376)¡A¦]¬°«OùºD¥Îªº¦¸§Ç¤£¬O¡u¥S§Ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡v¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡A¦Ó¬O¡u´£¼¯¤Ó¡e¡K¡K¡f§Ì¥S¡v¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀº¬q¥½¡^¡C
14 ¸Ô¨£Hurst 107-24¡F°Ñ¤Q¤T23µùÄÀµù3¡C
15 °Ñ¶¾¡G¡u¯u²z¡v30-32; Fung¡AGalatians 53-54.
16 Cf. Westcott xlvi-xlvii; MHT 4.106-13
(on Hebrews; 'he avoids all roughness' [106]), 80-100 (on Paul; esp. 85-86¡G'harshness of style').
17 So F. Godet¡Aas cited in Harrison, INT 377.
18 ¸Ô¨£Ellingworth 7-12.
19 Cf. Ellis, Paul's Use of the Old
Testament 150-52¡]¯d·N²Ä¤TÃþ§O¡^¡C
20 ¸Ô¨£ Ellis¡A¦P¤W®Ñ155-85.
21 Cf. Harrison, INT 378.
ù°¨ªº²§Q§K
¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O²§Q§K©Î¸ô¥[¡A¦©ó«X§Q®Úªº®É¥N¤w¬OӶDzΪº»¡ªk¡A¦¹»¡ªk¥ç¬°¥[º¸¤å©Ò±Ä¯Ç¡C22¤£¹L¡A³´µ¸¯¥D±Ð¦¤w«ü¥X¡AÁöµMªí±¤W²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¸ò¥»®Ñ¦b¥Îµü¤Î®æ¦¡¤è±¦³¤Q¤À©úÅ㪺¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡A¦ý¬O¨â¥÷§@«~¦b³o¨â¤è±ªº¤Àª[¤§³B»·¶W¨ä¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡F§ó¬°«nªº¡A¨â¥÷§@«~¦b«ä·Qªº¼s«×¡B±Ð¸qªº²`«×¡A¥H¤Î¥ýª¾ªº¬}¨£³o¨Ç¤è±ªº¤À§O¤§¤j¡A¨Ï¤HµLªk»{¬°¤GªÌ¬O¥X¦Û¦P¤@§@ªÌªº¤âµ§¡C23²§Q§K¤Þ¥Î§Q¥¼ªºÂ§»ö«ß¨Ò¨Ó¤ä«ù¥L¹ï±Ð·|¾¨Æ¤§©Ê½èªº¬Ýªk¡A³o°µªk»P¥»®Ñªº¥Dn½×ÂII¹D¦Ó¹£¡F24²§Q§K¤S§â¨º¨Ç¡u©ÜµÛºø¦Ï¤s¦Ïªº¥Ö¦U³B©b¶]¡vªº¤H¡]¨Ó¤Q¤@37¡F°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¿ù»~¦a¸Ñ¬°¥H§Q¨È©M¥H§Q¨F¡]²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¤Q¤C1¡^¡A³æ¦¹»~¸Ñ¨¬¥HÃÒ©ú¥L¨Ã«D¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡C25
22 Cf. Ellingworth 13; Calvin 216.
23 So Westcott lxxvii, Cf. Montefiore 2;
Kuemmel, INT 402.
24 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 13;
Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 396.
25 So Bruce, 'History of New Testament
Study' 22
¸ô¥[
¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº²§Q§K¯d·N¨ì¥»®Ñªº¤å¦r¸ò¸ô¥[µÛ§@ªº¤å¦r¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¦ü³B¡A³o¨Ï¥L»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¸ô¥[§â«OùªºìµÛ±q§Æ§B¨Ó¤å½Ķ¹L¨Óªº¡C³oÓ¨£¸Ñ¤£¥i¯à¬O¥¿½Tªº¡A¦]¬°¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒÅã¥Ü¡A§Æþ¤åªº¸g¤å¬O§@ªÌì¨Ó©Ò¼gªº¤å¦r¡A¤£¬O¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ§Î¦¡¤§¨ÈÄõ¤åªºÂ½Ä¶¡C³oºØ¤ºÃÒ¥]¬A¥H¤U¼ÆÂI¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¦r·J¡BÅéµô¤Î¥»®ÑªºÃã¥O©Ê½è³£¤Þ¦Ü³oÓµ²½×¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤@¨Ç½Æ¦X°Êµü¨Ã¨S¦³¬Ûµ¥ªº¨ÈÄõ¤å°Êµü¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤2¡uÅé½Ì¡v¡A¤Q¤G1¡u®e©öÄñ²Ö¡v¡^¡C¡]¤G¡^¤E³¹¤Q¤¦Ü¤Q¤C¸`ªº½×¾Ú¡A¦³¿à©ó¡u¬ù¡v»P¡u¿ò©R¡v³£¬O¦P¤@Ó§Æþ¦r¥i¥H¦³ªº¨âÓ·N«ä¡]¸Ô¨£¤E16-17µùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¥ÎªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y¡A°£¤F¤Q³¹¤T¤Q¸`¤W¥b¨º¤@¥y¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A³£¬O¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡A§Y¨Ï¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»»P§Æ§B¨Óì¤å¦³¥X¤Jªº®ÉÔ¡A¤]¬O³o¼Ë¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤G³¹¤C¸`¡u¤ñ¤Ñ¨Ï¡vªº§Æ§B¨Óì¤å¡]¸Ö¤K5¡^³Ì¦ÛµMªº·N«ä¬O¡u¤ñ¯«¡v¡]©M¦X¤p¦r¡A°Ñ·sĶ¶Ãäµù¡F¥ç°Ñ¤G
26 ¥H¤W²z¥Ñ¨£¡GWestcott xxxiv; Lindars 16. ·sªñ¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ«h»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¥q´£¤Ïªº¦ÛÅGÁ¿¹D¡]®{¤C¡^¤§©µÄò¢w¢w¸ô¥[¼g¦¹®Ñªº¥Øªº¡A¬OnÄ~Äò¥q´£¤Ï¨º½g³Q¤¤Ä~ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¤×¨ä¬On¹ï¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤»³¹¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|¸`ªº«ü±±§@¥X¦^À³¡Fso T. Jelonek¡Aas reported in NTA ¡±30¡]1986¡^-1222, ¡±32¡]1988¡^-283, ¡±34¡]1990¡^-309.
27 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GWestcott xlvii-xlviii; MHT 4.106; Bruce
III 19n.83.
28 Cf. D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.666b, NTI
677; Gundry, Survey 333.
¤Ú®³¤Ú
¤Ú®³¤Ú¬O¥Í©ó©~¤ñ¸ô»¡§Æþ»yªº§Q¥¼¤H¡]®{¥|36¡^¡A¬O¥L§âÂk¥D«áªº«Où±ÀÂ˵¹C¸ô¼»§Nªº¨Ï®{¡]®{¤E27¡^¡A¥L¤S¦b¦w´£ªü¥Nªí¨Ï®{¡A¥i¨£¥L¦bC¸ô¼»§N¬O¨ü´L«ªº¡F¥L¤ä«ù¦w´£¦w±Ð·|¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº¤u§@¡]®{¤Q¤@19-26¡^¡A¨ä«á¤S¦¨¬°«Oùªº«Å±Ð¥ë¦ñ¡]®{¤Q¤T1-¤Q¥|28¡^¡C³oºØI´º¨Ï¥L¦P¼Ë¾A¦X¦VµS¤Ó¤H¤Î¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ð¡C¸ô¥[»¡¡u¤Ú®³¤Úªº·N«ä¬O¹ªÀyªÌ¡v¡]®{¥|36¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F¤£ºÞ±qÃã·½¾Çªº¨¤«×³o·N«ä¬O¦p¦ó±o¨Óªº¡A¤Ú®³¤Úªº½T¬O¤@¦ì¹ªÀyªÌ¡]°Ñ®{¤E27¡A¤Q¤@23¡A¤Q¤37¡^¡C§@ªÌºÙ¥»®Ñ¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«j¡eì¤å»P¹ªÀy¬Û¦P¡fªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A¥¦Y¬O¥Ñ¨ã¦³¤WzI´ºªº¹ªÀyªÌ¤Ú®³¤Ú¼g¥X¨Ó¡A¨º¬O§¹¥þ¦X¾Aªº¨Æ¡C29
¤£¹L¡A¦¹»¡¦³¦Ü¤Ö¥H¤U´XÂI§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^¡u¹ªÀyªÌ¡v¡]®{¥|36¡^»P¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¨Ó¤Q¤T22¡^¤§¶¡ªº¹ïÀ³±¡§Î¯ÂÄÝ¥©¦X¡Gì¤å¦b·s¬ù¬OÓ´¶³qªº¦r¡Aµ´¤£¨¬¥H¦¨¬°±N«áªÌªº§@ªÌ»{¦P¬°«eªÌªº®Ú¾Ú¡C¡]¤G¡^§Y¨Ï°²³]¤Ú®³¤Ú¨ã¦³¼g¦¨¥»®Ñªº¯à¤O¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¥L¨ÃµL¯u½Tªº§@«~¥i¨Ñ¤ñ¸û¢w¢w©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤Ú®³¤Ú®Ñ¡v¸û¥i¯à¬O¤G¥@¬öªì¸¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº¤@¦ì¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{¼gªº30¢w¢w§ÚÌ«K´X¥G§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥i¥H¥Î¨ÓÂ_©w¥L½T¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¸ê®Æ¡C¡]¤T¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¥|³¹¤Q¤G¸`´£¥Ü¡A¤Ú®³¤Úªº¤f¤~¤£¤Î«Où¡F³o¨Ï¤H¤£¹w´Á¤Ú®³¤Ú·|¼g¥X¦b×Ãã¤W¹³¥»®Ñ¨º»ò¥X¦â©M¦³®Äªº§@«~¡C¡]¥|¡^¤Ú®³¤Ú¬O¦´Á±Ð·|ªºª¾¦W¤H¤h¡AYªG¤£¬O¥X¦Û¥Lªº¤âµ§ªº¡u¤Ú®³¤Ú®Ñ¡v©|¥B³Q¤H»{¬°¬O¥L¼gªº¡A¨º»òÕY¥L¯u¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¬°¬Æ»ò³o¨Æ¹ê³º·|³Q¤H§¹¥þ¿ò§Ñ¤F¡S31
29 ¤ä«ù¤Ú®³¤Ú¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªºÄÀ¸gªÌ¥]¬ARobinson¡ARedating 217-20 ; P. E. Hughes 24-29; H.
Mulder¡Aas reported in NTA ¡±10 (1965-66)-621.
30 So J. R. Michaels¡AISBER
31 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡G(1)Dods 228; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT
396; (2)Guthrie, NTI 675; (3)Ellingworth 15; (4)Harrison, INT 375
(with reference to F. Godet).
¦Ê°ò©Ô¡]¤Î¨È©~©Ô¡^
¼w°ê¾ÇªÌº~¯Ç§J©ó1900¦~«Øij¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬°¨È©~©Ô¤Î¦Ê°ò©Ô¤Ò°ü¡A¨ä¤¤¥H¦Ê°ò©Ô¬°¥D¤â¡C¦¹»¡ªº½×¾Ú¦p¤U¡G¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬Oӫܦ³×¾iªº±Ð®v¡A¦Ó¨È©~©Ô¤Ò°ü²Å¦X¦¹¶µ¸ê®æ¡A¦]¥LÌ´¿±N¯«ªº¹D¦V¨Èªiù¸Ô²ÓÁ¿¸Ñ¡]®{¤Q¤K26¡^¡F§@ªÌ¬OÄÝ«Où°é¤lªº¤H¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T23µùÄÀº¬q¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü³Q«OùºÙ¬°¥Lªº¡u¦P¤u¡v¡]ù¤Q¤»3¡^¡F§@ªÌ»P´£¼¯¤Ó¦³Ápô¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü©M´£¼¯¤Ó³£´¿©óôªL¦h¡]®{¤Q¤K3¡B5¡A¤Q¤E22¡^¤Î¥H¥±©Ò¡]®{¤Q¤K18-28¡FªL«e¤Q¤»10¡B19¡F°Ñ´£«á¥|19¡^¤@¦P»P«Où¦b¤@°_¡F§@ªÌ¬Où°¨¤@®a®x±Ð·|ªº¦¨û¡]¥»®Ñ¤j©è¬O¼gµ¹¸Ó±Ð·|ªº¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü¥¿¬Où°¨¤@®a®x±Ð·|ªº¥D¤H¡]ù¤Q¤»5¡^¡F«H¤W°£¤F§@ªÌ¦ÛºÙªº¡u§ÚÌ¡v¤Î¥]¬A§@ªÌ»PŪªÌ¦b¤ºªº¡u§ÚÌ¡v¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³²Ä¤TºØªº¡u§ÚÌ¡v¡A´N¬O¥]¬A§@ªÌ»P¥t¤@¤Hªº¡u§ÚÌ¡v¡A³o¥Îªk¹ï¤@¹ï¤Ò°ü¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü¦X©yªº¡F¦Ü©ó§@ªÌªº¦W¦r³Qù°¨±Ð·|¿ò§Ñ¡A¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó±Ð·|²`¨ü«Où¸T¤î°ü¤k¦b±Ð·|¤¤¬I±Ðªº±Ð°V¤§¼vÅT©ÒP¡C32¦ý¬O¦¹»¡Ãø¥H¦¨¥ß¡A¦]¬°¡]¤@¡^«H¤W¥X²{¦h¦¸ªº³æ¼Æ¡u§Ú¡v¦r¡]¤Q¤@32¡A¤Q¤T19¡B22¡B23¡^²M·¡Åã¥Ü§@ªÌ¥u¬O³æ¿W¤@¤H¡F¡]¤G¡^¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤G¸`ªº¡u²Ó»¡¡vì¤å¬O¶§©Êªº³æ¼Æ¤Àµü¡Aµw±N¦¹¶§©Ê¤Àµü¬Ý¬°¦Ê°ò©Ô¥Î¥H±»¹¢¨ä¯u¥¿¨¤Àªº¤å¾Ç§ÞÇ¡A¬OÃø¥H¥t¤H«HªAªº²o±j°µªk¡C33
33 ¡u²Ó»¡¡vì¤å¬°¶§©Ê¦¹ÂI¦P¼Ë¤£§Q©ó§@ªÌ¬°°¨§Q¨È¤§»¡¡F¦¹»¡¨£ J. M. Ford, as reported in NTA ¡±20(1976)-897.
¨Èªiù
°¨¤B¸ô¼w²q´ú¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O¨Èªiù¡F¦¹«ØijÀò±o¤£¤Ö¤ä«ù¡C34¨Èªiù³Q¸ô¥[´y¼g¬°¡u«Ü¦³¤f¤~¡A¾ÕªøÁ¿¸Ñ¸t¸g¡v¡]®{¤Q¤K24¡e·sĶ¡f¡A°Ñ27-28¸`¡^¡A³o´y¼g²Å¦X¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡C¡u¥L¥Í¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó¡v¡]¦P¤W¡^ªº¨Æ¹ê¡A»P¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y§¹¥þ¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¨Æ¹ê¬Û²Å¡]¦¹Ä¶¥»¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó»s¦¨ªº¡^¡C¦Ê°ò©Ô©M¨È©~©Ô¡]¥L̤j©è¼ô±x«Oùªº±Ð°V¡^´¿§â¯«ªº¹D¦V¨Èªiù¸Ô²ÓÁ¿¸Ñ¡]®{¤Q¤K26¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¨Èªiù»P«Où¬O¤Í¦nªºÃö«Y¡]ªL«e¤Q¤»12¡F°Ñ¦h¤T13¡^¡A³o¨¬¥H¸ÑÄÀ¬°¦ó¥»®Ñªº¯«¾Ç¸ò«Oùªº¯«¾Ç¦³¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡C¥i¬O¡A¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¤§»¡¦Ü¤Ö¦³¥H¤Uªº§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^¨ÃµLÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¨Èªiù´¿¼¶¼g¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A©ÎÅã¥Ü¥L¬O¨Ï®{®É¥N±©¤@Ó¡u«Ü¦³¤f¤~¡A¾ÕªøÁ¿¸Ñ¸t¸g¡vªº¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó¤H¡A©Î¬O¥L¤ñ©Ò¦³¦P´Áªº¤H§ó¨ã³Æ³o¨Ç¯À½è¡F¥L¨ã¦³³o¨Ç¯À½è¤£µ¥©ó»¡¥L´N¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡C35¡]¤G¡^¦´Áªº±Ð·|¶Ç²Î§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¨ì¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡C²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡]¥|¤Q¤C1¡^´£¨ì¡A«Où´¿¦b¥L¼gµ¹ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº«H¤W¡u´N¥L¦Û¤v©MÁFªk©M¨Èªiù¡vÅñ©J¥LÌ¡FÕY¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¨º»ò·í²§Q§K¤Þ¥Î¥»®Ñ®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¦X²z¦a¹w´Á¥L·|´£¤Î¨Èªiùªº¦W¦r¡A¤×¨ä¦]¬°²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº¡A¦Ó¨Èªiù´¿¦b¸Ó±Ð·|¤¤§êºt¤FÅãµÛªº¨¤¦â¡]°ÑªL«e¤@12¡A¤T22¡A¥|6¡^¡F¥i¬O²§Q§K¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ë§@¡C¦P¼Ë¡AY¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A«h¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|²z·í¹ï³o¦ì¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº³Ç¥XÐt¸Ç¼g¤F¥»®Ñªº¨Æ¦³©Ò»{ÃÑ©M°O¿ý¡F¥i¬O¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº²§Q§K©M«X§Q®Ú³£ºD©Ê¦a¤Þ¥»®Ñ¬°«Où¤§§@¡A¦Ó«X§Q®ÚÅãµM¨Ã¤£»{ÃÑ¥ô¦ó±N¥»®Ñ»P¨Èªiù©Ô¤WÃö«YªºÁr»¡¡C36
34 See Attridge II 4 with n.28¡F°£¤F¸Ó³B©Ò´£ªº®Ñ¥Ø¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥[¤WHunter, 'Apollos the Alexandrian' 155-56.
35 Cf. Westcott lxxix.
36 Cf. Robinson, Redating 216-17; Bruce III
18.
µ²½×
¤W¤å¨S¦³°Q½×ªº¨ä¥LÁr´ú¡]°Ñ¥»¸`²Ä¤G¬q¡A¤Îµù4¡^¦P¼Ë¦³Ãþ¦üªº¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñ¡CÁ`¨¥¤§¡AÃö©ó¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº°ÝÃD¡A§Ú̱o¨ì¥H¤Uªºµ²½×¡G¡]¤@¡^¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ·¥¤£¥i¯à¬O«Où¡C¡]¤G¡^§ÚÌ´X¥iªÖ©wŪªÌª¾¹D§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡A¦ý¥»®Ñ¨s³º¬O½Ö¼gªº¡A¡u¯«ª¾¹D¨Æ±¡ªº¯u¬Û¡v¡]«X§Q®Úªº¦W¥y¡^¡C37³\¦hÄÀ¸gªÌ³£¼Ö·N©Ó»{¥L̤£¾å±o¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡C38¡]¤T¡^¾å±o§@ªÌ¬O½Ö©TµM·|¦³§U©ó¥»®Ñªº¤F¸Ñ¡F¦ý¤£¾å±o¥Lªº¨¤À¤]¤£PÄY«¦a¼vÅTÄÀ¸gªº¤u§@¡A©Î¬O¹ï¥»®ÑªºI´º¡B¼g§@¤é´Á©M¼g§@ì¦]µ¥°ÝÃDªº¤F¸Ñ¡C39¡]¥|¡^§Ú̬J¤£ª¾¹D§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡A¤]¤£ª¾¹D¥L¼g¦¹®Ñ®É¨¦b¦ó³B¡F®Ñ¤¤±©¤@ªº´£¥Ü¦ü¥Gªí¥Ü¥L¬O¦b·N¤j§Q¤§¥~¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T24µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡C
37 ¤Þ©óÀu¦è¤ñ¯Q±Ð·|¥v
38 E.g., Dods 234; Moffatt xx; Schneider 1;
Attridge II 5b; Kuemmel, INT 402; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 397; Collins, 'Hebrews'
54; D. Guthrie, IBD
39 Cf. Marxsen, INT 221; Robinson, Redating
220; Guthrie, NTI 682; D. Guthrie, ISBER
¶L¡@§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºÅªªÌ
±q³Ì¦ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥j¨÷¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`µù5¡^¶}©l¡A¥»®Ñªº¼ÐÃD«K¬O¡uP§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡v¡F1©Ò¦³ªº§Æþ¤å¥j¨÷³£¦³¦¹¼ÐÃD¡A¥çµLÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥»®Ñ´¿¦³¥ô¦ó¨ä¥Lªº¦W¦r¡CÁöµM³o¼ÐÃD«Ü¥i¯à¤£¬O¥X¦Û§@ªÌ¤âµ§¡A¦Ó¬O«á¨Ó¦³½sªÌ¬°µÛ¤è«K´£¤Î¥»®Ñ¦Ó¥[¤Wªº¡A¦ý¦¹¼ÐÃD¦Ü¤Ö¤Ï¬M¤F¦´Á¹ï¥»®ÑŪªÌ¨¤Àªº¤@ºØ´¶¹Mªº«H©À¡C2¥Ñ©ó¥»®Ñì¨Óªº¤å¦rªÖ©w¬O§Æþ¤å¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`¡u¸ô¥[¡v¤§¤Uªº°Q½×¡^¡A³o¼ÐÃD¤ºªº¡u§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡v¤@¦rªº·N«ä«Ü¥i¯à¬O»P¡u§Æþ¤H¡v¬Û¹ïªº¡uµS¤Ó¤H¡v¡A¦Ó¤£¬O»P¡u»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡v¬Û¹ïªº¡u»¡¨ÈÄõ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡v¡C3µL½×¦p¦ó¡An½T©wŪªÌªº¨¤À¡A¤ñ°_¼ÐÃD©Ò´£¨Ñªº³oºØ¥~ÃÒ§ó«nªº®Ú¾Ú¡A´N¬O¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¡C
1 Pros Hebraious. Synge 43-52±N¦¹¤ù»yĶ¬°'against Hebrews or Jews' (44)¡A¦]¥L»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹µSºÃ¤£¨MªºµS¤Ó¤H¡A¶Ê«P¥L̨M§ÓÂk«H°ò·þ¡C¦ý¦¹»¡®í¤£¥i¯à¥¿½T¡A¦]¬°¡]¤@¡^ŪªÌÅãµM¤w¸g¬O°ò·þ®{¡]¤T1¡B6¡B14¡A¥|14¡A¤»4-6¡e¸Ô°Ñ¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡f¡B9¡A¤Q23¡B26¡B32-34¡B39¡A¤Q¤G22-24¡^¡F¡]¤G¡^¦¹¼ÐÃD¹³«Où®Ñ«Hªº¼ÐÃD¤@¼Ë¡A¦Ó«áªÌªº·N«äµ´¤£¬O'against the Romans'µ¥¡CCf. Ellingworth 21-22.
2 Cf. Westcott xxxv: Guthrie, NTI
683.
3 So Ellingworth 21.
¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{
¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬O©Î¥Dn¬O¥~¨¹«H®{¡C4¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº²z¥Ñ¥]¬A¥H¤U¼ÆÂI ¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌYn¥H°ò·þ±Ðªº°ò¥»n¸q¦A¦¸±Ð¾ÉµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡]¤12-14¡^¡A¥L¤£·|»Ýn´£¨ì¤»³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`©Ò»¡ªº¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¡A¦]¬°¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¬O¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº«H®§¤¤ªº°ò¥»«H±ø¡C¡]¤G¡^¤T³¹¤Q¤G¸`ĵ§iŪªÌ¤£n¡u§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡v¡A³o¥y¸Ü«ü¦V¥~¨¹«H®{¹L©óµS¤Ó«H®{¡C¡]¤T¡^¡u¦º¦æ¡v¡]¤»2¡A¤E14¡^¨Ã¤£¾A¥Î©óµS¤Ó¤H¨¤W¡C¡]¥|¡^¤Q¤T³¹¤E¸`´£¨ì¤@¨Ç©Ç²§ªºµS¤Ó±Ð°V¤Î¶¼¹ªº±ø¨Ò¡A¨Ã¥H¨º¨Ç¦b¦¹µ¥¨Æ¤W±M¤ßªº¤H§@¬°ÅªªÌªºÅ²§Ù¡A³o¤£¥i¯à¬O¹ïµS¤Ó«H®{»¡ªº¡C
¥i¬O¡A¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ¦b¤³¹¤Q¤G¦Ü¤Q¥|¸`¬O¥Î¤F¿Ø¨ëªº§ÞÇ¡]°Ñ¤12bµùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¥½¡^¡A¥L¨ÃµL·N«än¥H°ò·þ±Ðªº°ò¥»¹D²z¦A¦¸±Ð¾ÉŪªÌ¡A¤Ï¦Ó©ú»¡n»â¥LÌ¡uÂ÷¶}°ò·þ¹D²zªº¶}ºÝ¡v¡]¤»1¡^¡C§ó¬°«nªº¡A¦b¤»³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`ºc¦¨¡u¾Ò®¬¦º¦æ¡B«H¾a¯«¡v¤§°ò¦ªº¨º¨Ç±Ð°V¡]§Y¬O¦³Ãö¡u¦U¼Ë¬~§¡B«ö¤â¤§Â§¡B¦º¤H´_¬¡¡B¥H¤Î¥Ã»·¼f§P¡vªº±Ð°V¡^¡A³£°²©w¤FµS¤Ó±ÐªºI´º¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤»1b-2µùÄÀ¡^¡A³o·t¥ÜŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó¤H¡C¡]¤G¡^¹ï§@ªÌ¨Ó»¡¡A¦]¤£«H¦Ó©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ð´N¬O§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡A¤£ºÞI¹DªÌ¬O¥~¨¹«H®{©Î¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡]°Ñ¤T12µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¡F¥L¥H¼¯¦è»â¾É¤Uªº¥H¦â¦C¤H¦]¤£«H¤£±o¶i¤J¦w®§¬°¡uÂ÷±ó¥Ã¥Í¯«¡vªºÅ²§Ù¡]¤T7-19¡^¡AÅã©úµS¤Ó¤H¤£«H¤]¬OÂ÷±ó¥Ã¥Í¯«¡A¤£ºÞ¥L̬O¥j¥Nªº©Î¬O¤@¥@¬öªºµS¤Ó¤H¡C¡]¤T¡^¡u¦º¦æ¡v¬O«ü«H®{«H¥D¤§«e¨º¨Ç¤ÞP¦º¤`ªº¦æ¬°¡]°Ñù¤»21¡B23¡^¡A¤£¤ÀµS¤Ó¤H©Î¥~¨¹¤H¡A³£»Ýn®¬§ïÂ÷¶}¨º¨Ç¸o¦æ¡C5¡]¥|¡^¤Q¤T³¹¤E¸`ªº¡u©Ç²§¡v¤@¦r¡A¨ä·N«ä¤£¬O¡u¯¥Í¡B¤£¼ô±x¡v¡A¦Ó¬O¡u¥~¨Óªº¡v¡A§Y¬O¨Ó¦Û§Oªº©v±Ð¡B»P¥¿²ÎªººÖµ¯u²z¤£²Å¡F¦]¦¹¡AY©Ò«üªº¬OµS¤Ó¤H©ó¸`¤é®É¦b·|°óÁ|¦æªº¡u¬Û¥æªºÀ\¡v¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T
4 E.g., Ku/emmel, INT 399-400; Vos II 11-23 (esp. 15-19).
5 Cf. Bruce III 5-6.
6 So Montefiore 16.
²V¦Xªº±Ð·|
¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡AŪªÌ¬O¥Ñ¥~¨¹¤H»PµS¤Ó¤H¦X¦¨ªº±Ð·|¡A¨ä¤¤¥HµS¤Ó«H®{¦ûÅãµÛªº¦a¦ì¡C¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº¤@Ó²z¥Ñ¬O¡G®Ñ¤¤¦³Ãö±B«e¤Î±B¥~©ÊÃö«YªºÄµ§i¡]¤Q¤T4¡A°Ñ¤Q¤G16¡^¤£¥i¯à¬O¬°µS¤Ó«H®{¦Ó¼g¡A¤D¬O¬°ì¥ý¬O²§±Ð®{ªº«H®{¼gªº¡C¥i¬O¡Aù°¨®Ñ¤G³¹¤Ü¤G¸`¹ïµS¤Ó¤Hªº«ü±±¡]¡u§A»¡¤H¤£¥i«Á²]¡A¦Û¤vÁÙ«Á²]¶Ü¡S¡v¡^Åã¥Ü¡A7¤Wzªº²z¥Ñ¨Ã«D¨M©w©Êªº¡C¥t¤@Ó²z¥Ñ¬O¡G§@ªÌ¤@³e¦aÁקK¨Ï¥Î¸òµS¤Ó¤H»P¥~¨¹¤Hªº°Ï§O¦³Ãöªº¦rµü¡A³o¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó¦bŪªÌ©Òºc¦¨ªº²V¦X±Ð·|¤¤¡AµS¤Ó«H®{»P¥~¨¹«H®{¤§¶¡´¿¦³ºò±iªºÃö«Y¦s¦b¡A¦¹°ÝÃD¤w§i¸Ñ¨M¡A¦Ó§@ªÌ¤£±ý«·s¤Þ°_¥L̤§¶¡ªº°ÝÃD¡F§@ªÌ¤£»¡¡u§Ú̪º¯ª©v¡v¦Ó¥u»¡¡u¦C¯ª¡v¡]¤@1¡^¡A¤SÁקK´£¤Î¦b¬ù¤Þ¥yªº·N°ì¤¤©Ò´£¤Îªº¥~¨¹¤H¡A³o¨Ç³£³Q¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡¡C8¥i¬O¡AYŪªÌ¤¤¦³¥~¨¹«H®{¡A¡u¥L¡e°ò·þ¡f¨Ã¤£±Ï©Þ¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¤D¬O±Ï©Þ¨È§B©Ô¨uªº«á¸Ç¡v¡]¤G16¡^³oÃþªº¸Ü¬O·|¥O¥L̤£§Öªº¡F§@ªÌ¤£´£µS¤Ó«H®{»P¥~¨¹«H®{ªºÃö«Y¡A¸û¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¬OŪªÌ·í¤¤¥i¯à¨ÃµL¥~¨¹¤H¡C9
7 Barrett (Romans 57)±N³oùتº¡u«Á²]¡v¸Ñ¬°ÄÝÆF·N¸q¤Wªº¹ï¯«¤£©¾¡ACranfield (Romans 168-69)«h«ö¤Ó¤27-32©Ò´£¥Üªº¸ô½u¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ý¬ODunn (Romans 113)¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X¡A¦b¥ýª¾®Ñùإ禳Ãþ¦üªº«ü±±¡]µ²¤Ü¤G9-11¡Fº¿¤T5¡F°ÑC¤Ü¤E23¡^¡A©Ò«üªºÅãµM¬O´¶³q·N¸qªº«Á²]¡C
8 Cf. Ellingworth 10, 22 n.67, 25-26.
9 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GDods 231; Westcott xxxvi.
µS¤Ó°ò·þ®{
³o¬Ýªk¦³«Ü±jªº²z¥Ñ¤ä«ù¡C¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ«½Æ¥Ózªº¬ù¤w³Q·sªº¬ù©Ò¨ú¥N¡FŪªÌY¤£¬O¦³«·s¥Í¬¡¦b¦¹Â¬ù¤§¤Uªº¸Õ±´©ÎÁͶաA§@ªÌ³oºØ°µªk¬OµL·N¸qªº¡C¡]¤G¡^§@ªÌÅãµM¹w´ÁŪªÌ§¹¥þ¼ô±x¬ù¸t¸gªº¤Hª«¡B¨î«×¡]¤×¨ä¬O²½ªÁªº¨î«×¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤E1-10¡^¡B¸g¤å¥H¤Î¡u¼¯¦èªº«ßªk¡v¡]¤Q28¡F¦¹¥~¥uºÙ¬°¡u«ßªk¡v¡^¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ±`¤Þ¥Î¬ù¸t¸g¨Ó¤ä«ù¥Lªº½×ÂI¡A³oªí¥Ü¥L¬Û«HŪªÌ·|©Ó»{¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡CYŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡A§Y¨Ï¥L̹ïºÖµªº©¾¸Û¦³©Ò´î°h¡A¥L̤´·|©Ó»{¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡F¦ýY¥L̬O¥~¨¹«H®{¡A¦b¥LÌ«H¤ß°Ê·n¦³·N©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ðªº®ÉÔ¡A«K¤£¤j¥i¯à·|Ä~Äò±µ¨ü¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡C¡]¤T¡^¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡A§@ªÌ°²©wŪªÌ±µ¨ü¬ù¸t¸gÅv«Âªº¤@¨Ç¸Ü¡A·t¥ÜŪªÌ±µ¨üµS¤Ó¤Hªº«e³]¡F¨Ò¦p¡A¤C³¹¤Q¤@¸`»¡¡G¡u¦pªGÂǵۧQ¥¼¤Hªº²½¥q¨î«×¯à¹F¨ì§¹¥þªº¦a¨B¡A¡K¡K¬°¬Æ»òÁÙ»Ýn¡K¡K¥t¥~¿³°_¤@¦ì²½¥q¡K¡K©O¡S¡v¡]·sĶ¡^³o¸Ü·t¥Ü¡AŪªÌ¥i¯à»~¥H¬°§Q¥¼ªº²½¥q¾¥ô¯à¨Ï¤HÀò±o§¹¥þ¡FYŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¦Ó¦³«ÂkµS¤Ó±Ðªº¸Õ±´¡A³oºØ·Qªk¬O¥i²z¸Ñªº¡F¦ýYŪªÌ¬O¦³·N©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ðªº¥~¨¹«H®{¡A«h¥L̹ï¤C³¹¤Q¤@¸`ªº¦^À³¦ÛµM¬O¢w¢w¡u§Ú̱q¨Ó¨S»{¬°§Q¥¼ªº²½¥q¾¥ô¯à¨Ï¤HÀò±o§¹¥þ¡I¡v¡]°Ñ¤K7¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^YŪªÌ¬O¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{ªº¸Ü¡A§ÚÌ«K±o¬°¡uÅý§Ṳ́]¥X¨ìÀç¥~¨ìÍ¢¡eC¿q¡f¨ºùØ¥h¡v¡]¤Q¤T13¡A·sĶ¡^³o¥y¸Ü§ä´M¬YºØ¦X²zªº¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ýYŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡A³o¥y¸Ü´N®e©ö²z¸Ñ±o¦h¤F¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ³Ì«á¨â¬q¡^¡C10
»P¦¹¦P®É¡A»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬OÂk«H¤F°ò·þªº²½¥q¡]°Ñ®{¤»7¡^¡A©Î¥]¬A©øÄõªÀ¹Îªº«e¦¨û¦b¤ºµ¥¨£¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¤£¬°¦h¼Æªº¾ÇªÌ©Ò±µ¯Ç¡C¦b³o¤è±¡A
10 ¤Wz²z¥Ñ¨£¡GBruce III 6-7; Ellingworth 23;
Carson-Moo-Morris 402-03.
11 So Bruce III 8; cf. Carson-Moo-Morris
403; Bruce, '"To the Hebrews"'¡]esp. 232¡^. ¡u¤Ï¶Ç²ÎµS¤Ó±Ð¡v¬O'nonconformist Judaism'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡C
©ú½Tªº¸sÅé
«Ü©úÅã¦a¡AŪªÌ¬O§@ªÌ©Ò»{ÃѪº¤@Ó°ò·þ®{¸sÅé¡G§@ªÌ´¿»P¥L̦³Ó¤Hªº³sô¡A¥L½Ð¨D¥L̬°¥L¬èë¡A¯S§O¬O¨Ï¥L¥i¥H§ÖÂI¦^¨ì¥L̨ºùØ¡]¤Q¤T18-19¡A°Ñ23¸`¡^¡C¡u¤£¥i§Ñ°O¥Î·R¤ß±µ«Ý«È®È¡vªºÅñ©J¡]¤Q¤T2¡^´£¥Ü§ÚÌ¡A¥LÌ¥i¯à¬O«°¥«¤¤¤H¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T14¡^¡C12¥LÌÅãµM¹³§@ªÌ¤@¼Ë¨Ó¦Û»¡§Æþ»yªº¤å¤ÆÀô¹Ò¡F®Ñ¤¤¥ç¦³¤@¨Ç¸ñ¶H¡A´£¥Ü¥L̪º©v±ÐI´º¬O¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¥H¥~ªº¡B»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó·|°ó©Ò¥NªíªºµS¤Ó±Ð13¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¬q¡^¡C¥L̬O±qC¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùرo»DºÖµªº¡]¤G3¡^¡F¥LÌì¥ýªº»â³S¤w¸g¥h¥@¡]¤Q¤T7¡^¡C«H¥D«á¡A¥LÌ´¿¦]¥L̪º«H¥õ¾D¨ü°d½|©MWÃø¡]¤Q32-34¡^¡A¤£¹L©|¥¼¦Ü©ó®î¹Dªº¦a¨B¡]¤Q¤G4¡^¡C¥LÌ¥ç¥H¹ê»Úªº·R¤ß¦æ°ÊªA¨Æ¸t®{¡]¤»10¡A°Ñ¤Q33-34¡^¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥L̦b«H¥õªº¸ô¤W¦³°±º¢¤£«e¡]¤11-14¡^¡B¯h¾Î¤£®¶¡]¤Q¤G12-13¡^ªºªí²{¡F¦ü¥G¦b¥LÌ·í¤¤¡A¦³¤H¤w¸g©ñ±ó»E·|¡]¤Q25¡^¡C¤Q¤T³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¤W¥b´£¥Ü§ÚÌ¡AŪªÌ¬O¤@Ó«°¥«°ò·þ®{¸sÅ餺ªº¤@Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀº¬q¡^¡C14
12 Cf. Lane II liii.
13 ¸Ô¨£Lane II liv-lv¡]cf. cxxiv, ²Ä¥|¬q¡^¡C
14 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 26; Bruce III 9;
Drane¡AINT
ŪªÌ©Ò¦b¦a
¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ®Ú¾Ú¤Q¤G³¹¤Ü¤G¸`±À½×¡AŪªÌ¬O©¾¸Ûªº¿ü¦w¥D¸qªÌ¡A¥Ḻqì©~¦aªð¦^À³³\¤§¦a¡A¦¬«H®É¨¦bC¸ô¼»§N¡F15¥i¬O¡A¸Ó¸`©Ò·t¥Üªº¹ï¤ñ¨ä¹ê¬O¤Ñ¤W¤§C¸ô¼»§N»P¦è¤D¤sªº¹ï¤ñ¡A¤£¬O»¡¥L̨Өì¤F¦a¤WªºC¸ô¼»§N¡C¸ûÅ¢²Î¦a»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬O¦bC¸ô¼»§N©Î¨äªñ¾Fªº±Ð·|¦¹¤@¬Ýªk¡A16¥ç¦³¤£¤Ö§xÃø¡GYŪªÌ¬O¦bC¸ô¼»§N¡A§ÚÌ«K«ÜÃø©ú¥Õ¡A¬°¦ó§@ªÌ§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¤Î·í®É¦b¸Ó³Bªº·q«ô±¡§Î¡A¦Ó¥u´£¨ì¬ù·|¹õªº·q«ô¡C¤G³¹¤T¸`·t¥Ü¡AŪªÌ¨Ã«DC¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¡A³o¨Ã¤£²Å¦XC¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|¦Ü¤Ö³¡¤Àªº¦¨û¡F¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`¤]¤£¾A¦XC¸ô¼»§Nªº±Ð·|¡A¦]¬°¥q´£¤Ï©M¶®¦U¦¤w¦¨¬°®î¹DªÌ¡]®{¤C54-60¡A¤Q¤G1¡^¡F¡u¤£¥i§Ñ°O¡K¡K®½¿é¡v¡]¤Q¤T16¡^ªºÅñ©J¡A¥ç»PC¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|»Ýn±µ¨ü¸gÀÙ´©§Uªº¨Æ¹ê¤£¤j¨ó½Õ¡]°Ñù¤Q¤26¡FªL«e¤Q¤»1-3¡F¥[¤G10¡F®{¤Q¤@27-30¡A¤Ü¥|17¡^¡C
¤S¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ§Y¬Oºqù¦è®Ñ¥|³¹¤Q¤»¸`©Ò´£¤Î¨º¡u±q¦Ñ©³¹Å¨Óªº®Ñ«H¡v¡A¥¦¬O¥H¤Ú¥±°w¹ïµÛ·q«ô¤Ñ¨Ïªº²§ºÝ¼gµ¹¿à§J´µ¨¦¤§±Ð·|¡A¬O¤j¬ù»Pºqù¦è®Ñ¦P®Éµo¥Xªº¡C17¦¹»¡³Ì¤jªº§xÃø¡A´N¬O¦¹ÄÀ¸gªÌ¥Î¤F¡u¦^¨ì°_ÂIªºÀô§ÎÅGÃÒªk¡v¡G¿à§J´µ¨¦ªº¶Ç²§ºÝªÌ¥²µM«ù¬Y¨Ç¨£¸Ñ¡A¦]¬°§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ©Ò·t¦a§ðÀ»ªº¡A´N¬O³o¨Ç¨£¸Ñ¡F¦]¦¹¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥²µM¬O°w¹ï¿à§J´µ¨¦ªº²§ºÝ¦Ó¼gªº¡C18¨ü«H¤H¬OôªL¦h±Ð·|¤§»¡¡A«Ü¤£¥i¯à¬O¥¿½Tªº¡]¸Ô¨£¤Q¤T24µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¡CŪªÌ¤]¤£¤j¥i¯à¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº±Ð·|¡A¦]¬°±N¥»®Ñµø¬°«Où¤§§@ªº¨£¸Ñ¡A³Ìªì¥¿¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó²£¥Íªº¡FY¥»®Ñì¥ý¬O¼gµ¹¸Ó±Ð·|ªº¡A«h§ÚÌÃø¥H©ú¥Õ¡A¬°¦ó¦b¦¹®Ñ¼g¦¨ªº¤@Ó¥@¬ö¤§«á¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº±Ð·|³ºµM§Ñ°O¤F§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡A¤Ï¦Ó±N¦¹®ÑÂk¦b«Oùªº¦W¤U19¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`¡u«Où¡v¤§¤U²Ä¤@¬q¡^¡C¦w´£ªü±Ð·|§ó¤£¥Î¦Ò¼{¡G«Où©M¤Ú®³¤Úªº«Å±Ð¨Æ¤u¬O¥Ñ³oӱз|µo°Êªº¡]®{¤Q¤T1-3¡^¡A¦Ó¥B³o±Ð·|¤@ª½¬O«Où¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº°ò¦a¡]®{¤Q¥|26-28¡A¤Q¤K22¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥»®Ñ¤³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¥|¸`ªº¤@¬q¸Ü¹ï³o±Ð·|µ´¤£¦X¾A20¡]¯d·N®{¤Q¤T1´£¨ìªº¡u±Ð®v¡v¡^¡C
«ö¤Q¤T³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¤U¥b³Ì¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A§@ªÌ¬O¦b·N¤j§Q¤§¥~¼g«Hµ¹·N¤j§Q¹Ò¤ºªºÅªªÌ¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A¦Ó¦b·N¤j§Q¹Ò¤º³Ì«nªº±Ð·|¬O¦bù°¨¡A¦]¦¹¡A³o¨ÇµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{ŪªÌ©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº®a®x±Ð·|³Ì¥i¯à´N¬O¦bù°¨ªº¡Cµ§ªÌ»{¬°¡A³o¬O¤ä«ùù°¨¤§»¡³Ì«nªº²z¥Ñ¡C21¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº²z¥ÑÁÙ¥]¬A¥H¤U¦UÂI¡G22¡]¤@¡^¥»®Ñ³Ì¦³Q¤Hª¾¹D¨ä¦s¦b©M¥[¥H¤Þ¥Î¬O¦bù°¨¡]²§Q§K¦b¨äPôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº«H¤¤¤Þ¥Î¤F¥»®Ñ¡^¡C23¡]¤G¡^ŪªÌªººB´n¡]¤»10¡A°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^»P¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ©ÒÅã¥Üù°¨±Ð·|ªº¾ú¥v¬Û²Å¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ¥Î¨ÓºÙ©I±Ð·|ªº¡u»â³S¡v¡]¤Q¤T7¡B17¡B24¡^ªº¨ºÓ¦r¡A¦b·s¬ù¥H¥~¥ç¨£©ó»Pù°¨±Ð·|¦³Ãöªº¦´Á°ò·þ±Ð¤åÄm¡]¦p²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡B¶Â°¨ªª¤H®Ñ¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^ŪªÌ¦b«H¥D«á¦´Á©Ò¸g¾úªºWÃø¡]¤Q32-34¡^¸ò¨º¨Ç¦b¥D«á49¦~²¦Ñ¥áªº³ë¥O¤U³Q³vªºµS¤Ó¤H©Ò¸g¾úªº¬Û²Å¡C
15 So Buchanan 256. ¥L»{¬°§@ªÌ¤]¬O¦bC¸ô¼»§N(263-64). Dunn (Partings of Ways
87)ªº¨£¸Ñè¦n¬Û¤Ï¡G¥L»{¬°ÅªªÌ«Ü¥i¯à¬O¥¿·íµS¤Ó»Pù°¨¤H¤§¾Ô¡]66-70¦~¡^¡A©Î¥Ñ©óµS¤Ó¤H¦¹¦¸°_¸q³Qù°¨À£¨î¡A¦Ó¾EÂ÷C¸ô¼»§N©ÎµS¤Ó¦aªº¤@¯ZµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡C
16 E.g., Westcott xxxv-xlii (esp.
xxxix-xli).
17 Jewett 5-10. ¡u¿à§J´µ¨¦¡v¬O'Lycus Valley'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡CCf. Manson, 'Problem of Hebrews' 252-54.
18 So Ellingworth, 'Hebrews in the
Eighties' 138. ¡u¦^¨ì°_ÂIªºÀô§ÎÅGÃÒªk¡v¬O'circular argument'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡CJewett 4¦Û¤v¤]©Ó»{¥LªºÅGÃÒªk¦³³oºØ©Ê½èªº¦MÀI¡A¥i¬O¥L»{¬°Yn¤F¸Ñ¤@¦ì¥j¥Nªº§@ªÌ©M¥LªºÅ¥²³¤§¶¡ªº¹ï¸Ü¡A³oºØÀI¬Oȱo«_ªº¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬OµL¥iÁקKªº¡C
19 So Bruce III 12-13.
20 Cf. Dods 233.
21 Similarly, Ellingworth 29.
22 Cf. Lane II lviii; Guthrie, NTI
698.
23 ¤£¹L¡AMarxsen (INT 219)»{¬°¦¹ÂIªº§@¥Î¤£¤j¡A¦]¥»®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹Ã¹°¨©Îµo¦Ûù°¨¡A²§Q§K³£¥i¥H¤Þ¥Î¡A¥ç¦³¨ä¥L¤èªk¥»®Ñ¥iÂÇ¥H±q¨ä¥L¦a¤è¨Ó¨ìù°¨¡C
µ²½×
¥»®Ñªº¥Øªº¦aªº°ÝÃD¡A¦b¾ÇªÌ²{¦³ªºª¾ÃѤ§¤U¡A¦ü¥G¬OµLªk½T©wªº°ÝÃD¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ¿ï¾Ü¤£¹ï¦¹°ÝÃD´£¨Ñ¥ô¦óµª®×¡C24©¯¦Ó¡A³oºØ¤£ªÖ©wªº±¡ªp¤jP¤W¨Ã¤£ÄY«¦a¼vÅT¸g¤åªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C25¤£¹L¡Aù°¨¤§»¡ÁöµMµLªkÃÒ¹ê¡A¦ý¤ñ°_¨ä¥L¦³Ãö¥»®Ñ¥Øªº¦aªº¬Ýªk¦ü¥G§ó¬°¦X²z¡A¥çÀò±o¤£¤Ö¡]¦ýµ´¤£¬O©Ò¦³¡^ÄÀ¸gªÌªº¤ä«ù¡C26¦]¦¹¡A¥»µùÄÀ©Ò±Ä¯Çªº¥ß³õ´N¬O¡G¥»®ÑªºÅªªÌ¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@¸sµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¤@Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡C27
24 Cf., e.g., Schneider 3; A. B. Bruce 7; R. McL. Wilson
11.
25 So Bruce III 14; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 401.
26 E.g., Grant, HINT 217;
27 Cf. Dods 233-34; F. F. Bruce, IDBS 395b; Lane II lviii-lx;
Ellingworth 27, 29.
úS¡@¼g§@ì¦]©M¥Øªº
§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤@Ó¯S¦â¡A´N¬O±Ð¸q©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ»Pĵ§i¤ÎÄU«jªº¸Ü¥æ´À¥X²{¡]°Ñ¤jºõ¡^¡C¥i¬O¡A§@ªÌ¦b«H¥½«o§â¥þ®Ñ§Î®e¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A³o´N²M·¡ªí¥Ü¡A¦b§@ªÌªº¤ß¥Ø¤¤¡A®Ñ¤¤¸t¸g¤Î¯«¾Ç©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¥u¦û±qÄݪº¦a¦ì¡A¨ä¥\¥Î¬O´£¨ÑÄU«jªº°ò¦¡AÄU«j¤~¬O¥þ®Ñªº¯u¥¿¥Øªº¡C1¦]¦¹¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H®Ú¾Ú®Ñ¤¤ªºÄµ§i©MÄU«j³¡¤À¡A±À½×¥XŪªÌ©Ò³Bªº±¡ªp¡A¥H¤Î§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªºì¦]©M¥Øªº¡C
¦ãÆF°¶«ü¥X¡A§@ªÌ¥Î¥Hª½±µ§Î®e©Î¶¡±µ´£¥ÜŪªÌ©Ò³B¤§¦MÀIªº¸Ü¡A¤jP¤W¥i¤À¬°¤TÃþ¡G2¡]¤@¡^¤@¨Ç¥Dn¬O®ø·¥ªº¸Ü¡Aªí¥ÜŪªÌ¦b¥L̪º°ò·þ®{¸ôµ{¤WÅã±o¯h¥F¤£®¶¡C§@ªÌÄU«j¥L̤£n¡u³Q¼é¬y¨R¨«¡v¡]¤G1¡A²{¤¤¡^Â÷¶}¤F¥LÌ©ÒÅ¥¨£ªº¹D²z¡F¤£n¡u©¿²¤¡v±Ï®¦ªº«H®§¡]¤G3¡^¡F¤£n¡u³Q²^¨O¡v¡]¥|1¡A·sĶ¡^¡A§Y¬O³Q±Æ©Ú©ó¦w®§ªºªù¥~¡F¤£nÅܱoµL¥Î¡]¤»7-8¡^¡B¡u¾Ó«å¡v¡]¤»12¡^©M¡u¯h¦Ǥߡv¡]¤Q¤G3¡^¡F¤£n¡u³Q¦U¼Ë©Ç²§ªº±Ð°V¤Ä¤Þ¤F¥h¡v¡]¤Q¤T9¡^¡C§@ªÌ³d³Æ¥L̦bÄÝÆFªº°l¨D¤W°±º¢¤£«e¡]¤11-14¡^¡An¥LÌ«ù©w©Ò©Ó»{ªº¹D¡]¥|14¡^¡A¡u°í©w¤£²¾¦a«ù¦u§ÚÌ©Ò«Å»{ªº¬ß±æ¡v¡]¤Q23¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F²æ¥h¸oªºÄñ²Ö¡]¤Q¤G1¡^¡F¨Ï¡u³n®zªº½¥»\¡vè±j°_¨Ó¡A¡u¨«¦bµ§ª½ªº¸ô¤W¡v¡]¤Q¤G12¡B13¡A²{¤¤¡^¡C§@ªÌ¤SÄU«j¥LÌn¶¶ªA¥L̪º»â³S¡]¤Q¤T17¡^¡A¦b°ò·þ®{¸sÅ餤©¼¦¹¬Û·R¡B¤¬¬ÛÀ°§U¡]¤T13¡A¤Q24-25¡A¤Q¤T1-3¡^¡C
¡]¤G¡^¥t¤@Ãþªº¸Ü´£¤Î¦Ü¤Ö³o¼Ëªº¥i¯à¡G¹ï¯«ªº¦®·N¥D°Êªº¡B¬Æ©Î¥Ã¤[ªºI«q¡C§@ªÌ´£¨ì¡u¦sµÛ¤£«Hªº´c¤ß¡A§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡vªº¦MÀI¡]¤T12¡^¡F´£¨ì¹³Ãm³¥¤@¥Nªº¥H¦â¦C¥Á¡u¨º¤£«H±qªº¼Ë¤l¡v¡]¥|11¡^¡A¨º¬OÅãÅS¦b¯«±«eªº¡]¥|12-13¡^¡F´£¨ì¡uÂ÷±ó¥¿¹D¡K¡K§â¤W«Òªº¨à¤l°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡A¤½µM²Û°d¥L¡v¡]¤»6¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F´£¨ì¡u¬G·N¥Ç¸o¡v¡]¤Q26¡^¡A³o¸oµ¥©ó¡u½î½ñ¯«ªº¨à¤l¡A±N¡K¡K¬ùªº¦å·í§@¥±`¡v¡]¤Q29¡^¡F´£¨ì¡u¦³¬r®Ú¥Í¥X¨Ó¡K¡K¥s²³¤Hªg¬V¦Ã©¡v¡]¤Q¤G15¡^¡F´£¨ì©ÚÅ¥¤W«ÒªºÁnµ¡]¤Q¤G25¡^¡F¤S¹ð¦¸ÄU³ëŪªÌn°í«H¨ì©³¡]¤T6¡B14¡A¤»11¡^¡CÁöµM§@ªÌ±q¨S¦³»¡ÅªªÌ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤H¥Ç¤FI¹D¤§¸o¡]¤»10´£¥Ü¬Û¤Ïªº±¡ªp¡^¡A¦ý¬O¥L½×¤ÎI¹D¤§¸o®É©Ò¥ÎªºÄY¼Fªº¸Ü¡]¤G3¡A¤»8¡A¤Q29-31¡A¤Q¤G29¡^¡AÅã¥Ü¥L¥²µM»{¬°¨º¬O¤@ºØ¯u¹êªº¦MÀI¡C
¡]¤T¡^®Ñ¤¤¤S´£¨ì¤@¨Çªñ¥G¹G¢ªº¥~¨ÓÀ£¤O¡GŪªÌ¦b«H¥D«áªº¦´Á´¿¨ü¸Õ·Ò¡]¤Q32-34¡^¡A¥L̦p¤µ¤S¹J¨ì¸Õ·Ò¡]¤G18¡A°Ñ¥|15¡^©Mâ°d¡]¤Q¤T13¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¸Õ·Ò¥i¯à¶Vµo¥[¼@¡A¤]³\¦Ü¨ì¦³¤H·|®î¹Dªº¦a¨B¡]¤Q¤G4¡^¡C
±q§@ªÌªº¸Ü¬Ý¨Ó¡AŪªÌ²{¦b¬O³B©ó«H¤ßªº¦M¾÷¤§¤¤¡G¥L̹ï©Ò¤w±µ¨üªº±Ï®¦«H®§Åã±o´²º©¤F¡A¦³¨Ç¤H¬Æ¦Ü¦³¡uÀH¬y¥¢¥h¡vªº¦MÀI¡]¤G1-4¡^¡F§@ªÌ·t¥Ü¡A¥L̤£¦A²âÅ¥¤W«Ò¦b¸t¸g¤Î¦bÁ¿¹D¤¤©Òµo¥XªºÁnµ¡]¤G1¡F¤T7b-¥|13¡A¤11¡A¤Q¤G25¡^¡A§Y¬O¤£Ä@·N±´¨sºÖµ¹ï¥Í©Rªº¹ê»Ú§t·N¡A¨Ã¥H«H¤ß©M¶¶±q¦^À³¤§¡F¥LÌÅãµM¤w±q«H¥D«á¥¼´X©ÒÅã¥Xªº«i´±¨£ÃÒ¢w¢w»PC¿q¹B°Ê»{¦P¡B§Ô¨ü¤½¶}ªºâ°d¡BºÊ¸T¤Î¥¢¥h²£·~¡]¤Q32-34¡^¢w¢w°hÁY¤U¨Ó¡A¦p¤µÅܱo¿ð¶w¡B¾Ó«å¡B¯h¦ǤߡB¯h³Æ¤£®¶¡]¤11¡A¤»12¡A¤Q¤G3¡B12-13¡^¡CÄÝÆFªº§N²H©M´k©Ê¦ÛµM¦a«I»k¥L̪º«H¤ß©M¬ß±æ¡]°Ñ¤T6¡A¤»18-20¡A¤Q23-25¡A¤Q¤@1¡^¡C¥LÌ·í¤¤¤w¦³¤H¤£¦A°Ñ¥[»E·|¡]¤Q25¡^¡A¨ä¾lªº¤Hn¦b¤@Ó¹ï¥L̦s¼Ä·NªºªÀ·|¤¤¡]¤Q¤G3-4¡^«ù¦u°ò·þ®{¨£ÃÒ¡A©Ò¸g¾úªºÀ£¤O¨Ï¥LÌ·P¨ì¯hÂ¥F¤O¡C¦b³oºØ«H¤ßªº¦M¾÷¤¤¡A§@ªÌ¯S§OÃö¤ßÓ§Oªº«H®{¡A¦]¬°Y¦³¤H¹ïI¹D¤§¸Õ±´©}ªA¡A¦¹¸o«K·|¦³½¯©µªº¦MÀI¡]¤T12¡B13¡A¥|1¡B11¡A¤»11¡A¤Q¤G15¡^¡CÁöµM¥~¨ÓªºÀ£¤O¡]¹G¢¡^¬OÓ¦]¯À¡]¤Q¤G4¡A¤Q¤T13¡^¡A¥D¦A¨ÓªºÀ³³\©|«Ý¹ê²{¦ü¥G¤]¬OÓ¦]¯À¡]¤Q25¡B35-39¡^¡A3ÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¥~¨Óªº±Ð°V¦V¥LÌ©Û¤â¡]¤Q¤T9¡^¡A¦ýŪªÌ§óÅãµÛªº°ÝÃD¬O¥L̪º«H¤ß°Ê·n¡B¬ß±æ³Q«I»k¡F¦]¦¹§@ªÌ·¥¬°Ãöª`¡A±©®£ÅªªÌ¤¤¦³¤H¦]¤£¤p¤ß¦Ó¦Ü²×¥D°Êªº¡B¬G·Nªº©Úµ´¤F¤W«Òªº®¦¨å¡A±q¦Ó¦b·s¬ùªº¸sÅ餤µL¤À¡]¤T12-15¡A¥|1¡B11¡A¤»4-8¡A¤Q26-31¡A¤Q¤G15-17¡B25-29¡^¡C4
ÕY¡]¦p¤W¤G¸`©Ò«Øijªº¡^ŪªÌ¬O±qµS¤Ó±ÐÂk«H°ò·þ±Ðªº¡A¥L̤S¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@Ó¦a¤è±Ð·|¡A¦b¨ºùصS¤Ó±Ð¡]¦ý«D°ò·þ±Ð¡^¬O¨üù°¨«Ò°ê®e³\ªº¡u¦Xªk¡v©v±Ð¡F«hŪªÌ«Ü¥i¯à¸g±`¨ü¨ì¤@Ó¸Õ±´¡A´N¬On¤£±j½Õ¡]§C½Õ³B²z¡^¡BÁôÂáB©¿µø¡B©ñ±ó¥LÌ«H¥õ¤¤¨º¿W¯S¦a¬O°ò·þ±Ðªº¤@±¡A¨Ã¦b¹J¨ì¦M¾÷®É©Úµ´©M§_»{¨º¿W¯Sªº¤@±¡C5´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡AŪªÌ±¹ïªº¬OI¹Dªº¦MÀI¡A¦Ó®Ñ¤¤¦h¦¸ÄY¼FªºÄµ§i¸Ü¡A¥ç¬O°w¹ïI¹Dªº¸o¦Óµoªº¡CÁöµM§@ªÌªºÃöª`¬O¦b©óŪªÌ¤£nÂ÷±ó°ò·þ¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b©ó¥LÌÂ÷±ó°ò·þ«á¦^¨ì¬Æ»ò¡A¦ý¥þ®Ñ¤@³e¥H§Q¥¼ªº²½ªÁ¨î«×»P°ò·þªº²½¥q¤u§@§@¹ï¤ñ¡A¨Ï§ÚÌ¥i¦X²z¦a±À½×¡AŪªÌªº¸Õ±´¬Oªð¦^µS¤Ó±Ð¡F6¤Q¤T³¹¤Q¤T¸`¤ä«ù³oÓ±À½×¢w¢w¡u¥X¨ìÀç¥~¡v·N§Y¡uÂ÷¶}µS¤Ó±ÐªºÀç¹õ¡v¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ³Ì«á¤G¬q¡^¡C¦]¦¹¡A§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªºì¦]¡A´N¬OŪªÌ¦]«H¤ß³n®z¦Ó¦³©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ¡Bªð¦^µS¤Ó±ÐªùÂe¤§¤Uªº¦MÀI¡F§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªº¥Øªº¡A´N¬On¨¾¤î¥L̳o¼Ë§@¡C¥L¤@¤è±¥H·¥ÄY¼Fªº¸Üĵ§i¥LÌI¹Dªº¥Ã¤[µ²ªG¡F¥t¤@¤è±¡A¥L¿n·¥¦a±N°ò·þ´y¼g¬°¤W«Ò³Ì«á¤Î¦Ü§¹¥þªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¤W«Ò¬°Í¢ªº¤l¥Á¡]¤£½×¬O¬ù©Î·s¬ùªº¤l¥Á¡^©Ò©wªº¤@¤Á¦®·N¡A³£¦b°ò·þ¨¤W§¹¦¨¤F¡C°ò·þ¤×¨ä¬O¥H¤j²½¥qªº¨¤À¡AÄm¤W¤F¦Û¤v¬°§¹¥þªº²½Äm¡A¤@¦¸¦Ó¬°¥Ã»·¦a¦¨´N¤F¬ùªº²½ªÁ¨î«×¤Î¨ä¬¹²½©Ò¹w¥Ü¡B«oµLªk¦¨´NªºÅ«¸o¤§¤u¡C¬G¦¹¡A«ù¦u°ò·þªº«KÀò±o¤@¤Á¡A©ñ±ó°ò·þªº«K¥¢¥h¤@¤Á¡C7
1 So, correctly, Lane II c¡FKu/emmel. INT 390.
2 Ellingworth 78-79.
3 Arowele ('Pilgrim People' 447)»{¬°³o´N¬OŪªÌ¦M¾÷ªº®Ú·½¡C
4 Cf. Lane II lvi-lvii, lxi-lxii.
5 Cf. Ellingworth 80.
6 Cf. Guthrie 33; NTI 689.
7 Cf. Ellingworth 80; Bruce III 9. See
also Attridge II
¸v¡@¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á
²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡]¤Ê¤»1-6¡^´¿¦h¦¸¤Þ¥Î§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤@³¹¡A³oªí¥Ü¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¥²µM¬O¦©ó²§Q§K³ü®Ñªº¡C«áªÌ³q±`³Q»{¬°¬O¼g©ó¥D«á96¦~¡A1¦ý¦¹ÂI·sªñ¨ü¨ì½èºÃ¡F¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¸Ó®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70/80¦Ü140¦~¶¡¡C2³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A§ÚÌ«K¤£¯àʾa²§Q§K³ü®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¨Ó¸û·Ç½T¦aÂ_©w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Ì¿ðªº¦¨®Ñ¤é´Á¤F¡C
®Ú¾Ú¤G³¹¤T¸`¡A§@ªÌ©MŪªÌ¡]¡u§ÚÌ¡v¡^³£¬O±qC¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùرo»DºÖµªº¡F³o¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¥i¯à¬O¦bC¿q´_¬¡«á¨º¨Ç¦~¶¡¨³³t¦a§âºÖµ¶Ç¨ìŪªÌ¨ºùØ¡A¤S¥i¯à¬O¦h¦~¤§«á¤~§âºÖµ¶Ç©èŪªÌ¡C¤£¹L¡A³o¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¦ü¥G¦bŪªÌªº¸sÅ餤§êºt¤F»â¾Éªº¨¤¦â¡A¦Ó¥L̲{¤µ¤w¸g¥h¥@¡]¤Q¤T7¡^¡F¥[¤WŪªÌ«H¥D¤w¦³¤@¬q¤£µuªº®É¶¡¡]¤12¡F¤Q32-34¡^¡A¬G¦¹¡A¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¥i¯à¤£·|¦¹L¥D«á50©Î60¦~¡C3¥t¤@¤è±¡A§@ªÌ»¡¡u´£¼¯¤Ó¤w¸gÄÀ©ñ¤F¡v¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®ÑÅãµM¬O´£¼¯¤Ó¦b¥Í¤§®É¼g¦¨ªº¡F´£¼¯¤Ó¬O¬ù©ó¥D«á49¦~¥[¤J«Oùªº«Å±Ð¦æ¦Cªº¡]°Ñ®{¤Q¤»1-3¡^¡A¤£¹L¡A§Ṳ́£ª¾¹D´£¼¯¤Ó·í®É¦³¦h¤j¦~¬ö¡C°²Y´£¼¯¤Ó·í®É¬OÓ¬ù¤G¤Q·³ªº«C¦~¤H¡A¤S°²Y¥L³QÄÀ©ñ®É¤w¦³¤»¡B¤C¤Q·³¡A«h¥»®Ñ³Ì¿ðªº¼g§@¤é´Á«K¬O¥D«á90¦Ü100¦~¶¡¡C4¥Ñ¦¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á³Ì¥i¯àªº½d³ò¬O¥D«á60¦Ü100¦~¤§¶¡¡C5
¦b³o¤j«eÃD¤U¡A¤@Ó¥Dn¬Ýªk»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¤@¥@¬öªº¥½´Á¡G¤G³¹¤T¸`¸ò¸ô¥[ºÖµ¤@³¹¤G¸`ªº¤å¦r¤Q¤À¬Û¦ü¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬OÄÝ©ó¸ô¥[ºÖµ¤Î¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤§§@ªÌ¨º¤@¥Nªº¤H¡F¥»®Ñ»P²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡A¬Æ©Î±Ò¥Ü¿ý¡A¥H¤Î»P¸ô¥[ªº¤@¨Ç«ä·Qªº±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A³£«ü¦V¤@¥@¬ö¥½¡A§Y¦h¦Ì¥Ðªº®É´Á¡]81-96¦~¡^¡FŪªÌ©Ò¸g¾ú¹Lªº¹G¢¡]¤Q32-34¡^¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ»P¸ô¥[ºÖµ¤Î¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇÄÝÆF¤è±ªºªñ¦ü¡A«ü¦V«Où¤§«áªº®É´Á¡A¦ÓŪªÌ©Ò±Á{·sªºWÃøªº«Â¯Ù¡]¤Q¤G4¡^«h¥i¯à«ü¦V¦h¦Ì¥Ðªº®É´Á¡A¬G¦¹¥»®Ñ¥i¯à¬O¼g©ó80¦Ü90¦~¶¡¡C6
¥t¤@Ó¥Dn¬Ýªk«h»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70¦~¤§«eªº¡C¡]¤@¡^¤Q³¹¤Ê¤G¦Ü¤Ê¥|¸`´y¼g¤FŪªÌ©Ò´¿¸g¾úªºWÃø¡Bâ°d¡BºÊ¸T¤Î°]ª«¤§·l¥¢¡A¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«hªí¥ÜŪªÌ·í¤¤©|¥¼¦³¤H®î¹D¡CYŪªÌ¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡]¨£²Ä¤G¸`¡uŪªÌ©Ò¦b¦a¡vªº°Q½×¡^¡A¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«K¥i¯àªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥§¸S¤ý¹G®`±Ð·|¡]65¦~¡^¤§«eªº¡A¦]¬°¦b¸Ó¦¸ªº¹G®`¤¤¤£¤Ö°ò·þ®{³à¥Í¡C«ö¦¹¤F¸Ñ¡A¤Q³¹¤Ê¤G¦Ü¤Ê¥|¸`¥i«ü³¡¤ÀŪªÌ¦b¥D«á49¦~²¦Ñ¥á¤U¥OÅX³vµS¤Ó¤HÂ÷¶}ù°¨¤@¨Æ¤Wªº¸g¾ú¡G¥Ñ©ó«H¥D»P¤£«H¥DªºµS¤Ó¤H¦bù°¨µo¥Í¿E¯Pªºª§ÅG¡A¬Æ¦ÜºtÅܬ°¼É¶Ã¡A²¦Ñ¥á¹E¤U¥O±N¬°¦¹¦¸¨Æ¥ót³dªº·|°ó¤Î±Ð·|»â³SÅX³v¥X¹Ò¡A¦Óº·í¨ä½Äªº´N¬OµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡C¹ï©ó³Q³v¥X¹Òªº¤H¨Ó»¡¡A¨ü¨ì¤½¶}ªºâ°d¡A¤×¨ä¬O¾D¨ü°]ª«ªº·l¥¢¡A¬O¥¿±`ªº±¡ªp¡C7
¡]¤G¡^§@ªÌ±`¥Î²{¦b®ÉºA¨Ó´y¼g§Q¥¼¨î«×ªº²½ªÁ§»ö¡]¤1¡A¤C5¡B8¡A¤K3¡A¤E6¡B7¡B8¡B9¡B13¡B22¡B25¡A¤Q1¡B4¡B8¡B11¡A¤Q¤T11¡^¡C¦¹²{¶H¥»¨ªº·N¸q¤£¤j¡A¦]¬°¤@¨ÇªÖ©w¬O¤C¤Q¦~¤§«áªº§@«~¤]¬O¥Î²{¦b®ÉºA¨Ó´y¼g¬ù«ßªkªºÂ§»ö¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¬ù·æ¤Ò¡B²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡^¡F¦Ó¥B§@ªÌ©Ò´yzªº¤£¬O¸t·µªºÂ§»ö¡A¦Ó¬O·|¹õªºÂ§»ö¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥L¥HÄÀ¸gªÌªº¨¤À¨Ó´y¼g·|¹õªºÂ§»ö®É¡A¦ÛµM¬O±q²{¦bªº¨¤«×´y¼g¥¦¡C8¤£¹L¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@¨Ç¸g¤å¡A¥Î¥H¤Wªº¸ÑÄÀ¬O¤£¯à¥O¤Hº¡·Nªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤Q³¹¤@¦Ü¤T¸`»¡¡GY§Q¥¼¨î«×¯à¨Ï¤H±o¥H§¹¥þ¡A¡uÄm²½ªº¨Æ°Z¤£¦¤w¤î¦í¤F¶Ü¡S¦]¬°Â§«ôªº¤H¡A¨}¤ß¬J³Q¼ä²b¡A´N¤£¦Aı±o¦³¸o¤F¡C¦ý³o¨Ç²½ª«¬O¥s¤H¨C¦~·Q°_¸o¨Ó¡v¡]°Ñ¤Q11¡B18¡^¡CÕYÄm²½ªº¨Æ¦b·í®É¹ê¦b¤w¸g°±¤î¤F¡A§ÚÌ«ÜÃø·Q¹³§@ªÌ·|¹ï³oùتº¸Ü¤£¥[קï©Îµû½×¡]°Ñ¤Q2µùÄÀº¬q¥½¡^¡F³o´N·t¥Ü¡AÄm²½ªº¨Æ©|¥¼¤î¦í¬O¤@¥ó¨Æ¹ê¡A¦¹¨Æ¹ê¹ï§@ªÌ¦b³oùتº½×ÂI¦³°ò¥»ªº«n©Ê¡C¤C³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Ü¤K¸`±N°ò·þ¤£»Ý§ó´«ªº¤j²½¥q¾¥ô¡A»P¤£Â_Ä~©Óªº§Q¥¼¤j²½¥q¾¥ô§@¹ï¤ñ¡FÕY¤j²½¥qªºÄ~¥ô¨Æ¹ê¤W¤w¦]¸t·µ³Q·´¦Ó°±¤î¤F¡A§ÚÌÃø¥H¬Û«H¦¹¨Æ¹ê·|§¹¥þ¤£¼vÅT§@ªÌ¦b¥»¬qªº½×ÃҤ覡¡CY¸t·µ¤w¸g³Q·´¡B¨C¤éÄm²½¤§¨Æ¤w¸g¤î¦í¡A³o®ø®§¥²µM·|¨³§Y¶Ç¨ì©Ò¦³¬y¾E¤§µS¤Ó¤H¡FY¦¹®ø®§¤w©è¹F§@ªÌªº¦Õ¤¤¡A¥L«o¦b®Ñ¤¤¹ï¦¹¨Æ°¦¦r¤£´£¡A³o¬O¥O¤HÃø¥H¸m«Hªº¡C9ÁöµM³o¬O¤@ºØ¡u½pÀqÅGÃÒªk¡v¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó§@ªÌ¦b²Ä¤¦Ü¤Q³¹ªº¾ãÓ½×ÂI´N¬O¡A§Q¥¼¨î¥q¨î«×¤Î¨ä¤Uªº²½ªÁ§»ö¦p¤µ¤w³Q¹³³Á°ò¬~¼w¤@¼Ëªº¤j²½¥q°ò·þªºÂ¾¨Æ©Ò¨ú¥N¡A¸t·µªº³Q·´¡]¦Ó¸t·µªº²½ªÁì«h¤W¬O·|¹õ²½ªÁ¤§©µÄò¡^¤ÎÄm²½¤§¨Æªº°±¤î¡A¹ï§@ªÌªº¦¹¤@½×ÂI¥¿¦n´£¨Ñ¤F¨M©w©Êªº½×¾Ú¢w¢w¡u¤W«Ò®e³\¸t·µ³Q·´¡BÄm²½¤§¨Æ³Q¢µ²§ôªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¨M©w©Ê¦aªí©ú¤F¤W«Ò¤£¦A»Ýnªº²½¥q¨î«×©M²½ªÁ§»ö¡C¡v¦]¦¹¡A§@ªÌ¨S¦³´£¤Î¸t·µ³Q·´³o¤@ÂI¡A´Nºc¦¨¤F¦³¤Oªº¡u±À©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡v¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70¦~¸t·µ³Q·´¤§«e¡F¦ÓÃÒ©ú¨Æ¹ê¨Ã«D¦p¦¹ªº³d¥ô¡A«K¸¨¦b»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó70¦~«áªº¤Hªº¨¤W¤F¡C10
Á`µ²¥H¤Wªº°Q½×¡A¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¸û¬°¤ä«ù¥D«á70¦~¤§«eªº¦¨®Ñ¤é´Á¡F¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«h¶i¤@¨B´£¥Ü¡A¦¹®Ñ¥i¯à¬O¦b¥D«á65¦~¥§¸S¤ý¦bù°¨¹G®`°ò·þ®{¤§«eªº¤£¤[¡]¦ý¤£¬O«Ü¤[¡^¼g¦¨ªº¡C11
1 Cf. D. F. Wright, NIDCC
2 Cf. Lane II lxii-lxiii; Attridge II 7; Carson-Moo-Morris 398; Ellingworth
29-30.
3 Cf. Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 398; Lane II lxii.
4 Cf. Ellingworth 30; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 398.
5 So Attridge II 9.
6 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GPerrin, INT 137;
7 Cf. Lane II lxiv-lxvi; Ellingworth 31.
See also Robinson, Redating 211; Bruce III 269; Guthrie 29; Drane, INT
431b. Isaacs 31-32«h»{¬°¤Q32-34«Ü¤£¥i¯à¬O«ü49¦~ªº¨Æ¡C
8 Cf. E. Dinkler, IDB
9 Cf. Robinson, Redating 202-04;
Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 399-400; Ellingworth 32.
10 Cf. Manson, 'Problem of Hebrews' 251-52;
Ellis, 'Dating the New Testament' 488; Robinson, Redating 205. ¡u±À©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡v§Y^¤åªº'presumptive proof'.
11 So, e.g., Bruce III 21; Guthrie, NTI
705; Ellingworth 33; Barclay I 55-56; Milligan 51¡]63/64¦~¡^¡C¨ä¥Lªº«Øij¥]¬A¡G¥D«á67¦~(Westcott xlii; Robinson, Redating
215); 64¦~¡]ù°¨µI«°¡^¦Ü68¦~¡]¥§¸S¦Û©Ï¡^¤§¶¡(Lane II lxvi); µS¤Ó¤H»Pù°¨¤H¤§¾ÔÃzµo¤§«á¡]Harrison, INT 380¡^. ¥t°ÑEllingworth 33 n.105©Ò¦C¤§·N¨£¡C
¥î¡@¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬¤Îµ²ºc
Ãþ«¬
µ²ºc
Ãþ«¬
¦b·s¬ùªº¥j¨÷¶Ç²ÎùØ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ`¬O¸ò«Oùªº®Ñ«H³s¦b¤@°_ªº¡A±Ð·|ªº¶Ç²Î¥ç¤@ª½¥H¡u®Ñ«H¡v¤@µü¨ÓºÙ¥»®Ñ¡A³o¨âÂI³£¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Q´y¼g¬°¤@«Ê«Hªº²z¥Ñ¡C1¤£¹L¡A¥»®Ñ¶}©l®É¨ÃµL¤@¯ë·s¬ù®Ñ«H¡]¬ù¿«³ü®Ñ°£¥~¡^©Ò¦³ªº¨÷º°Ý¦w»y¡A¦Ó¬O¥H¤@¤Q¤À¤u¾ã©MÀu¶®ªº§¹¥þ¥y¡]¤@1-4¡^§@¬°¥þ®Ñªº¤Þ¨¥¡A´N¹³¤@½g½×¤åªº§Ç¨¥¤@¼Ë¡F³o¤Þ¨¥¬O¥»®Ñ¯u¥¿ªº§Ç¨¥¡A¦b¥¦ªº«e±¤£¥i¯à¦³¥t¤@¬q¤µ¤w¥¢¶Çªºì¨Óªº¨÷º»y¡]°Ñ¤@1-4µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¥½¬qµ²§À¡^¡CÁöµM¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñªºì½Z¥i¯à¦³¤@´£¨Ñ¦³Ãö¥»®Ñªº¸ê®Æªºº¶¡A¬O¶K¦b¥»®Ñ«e±ªº¡A¦¹¶¥i¯à·N¥~¦a»P¥»®Ñªº¥»Åé¤À¶}¤F¡A©Î¬O¨ä«á¦³¤H±N¥»®Ñ§Û¤@¥÷µ¹¦³§O©óìŪªÌªº¥t¤@¯Z¤Hªº®ÉÔ¡A»{¬°º¶¤£¦A¦X¥Î¦Ó¬G·N§â¥¦¬Ù±¼¡F¤£¹L¡A¦¹»¡§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥j¨÷ªº¥~ÃÒ¤ä«ù¡A±Ä¦¹»¡ªºÄÀ¸gªÌ¦Û¤v¤]©Ó»{³o¬O¦¹»¡ªº§xÃø¡C2¦¹¥~¡AY¦³¡u½sªÌ¡v±Nº¶§R¥h¡A¥L¤j©è¤]¤£·|Åý²Ä¤Q¤T³¹«O«ù쪬¡C3¤]³\§@ªÌ®Ú¥»µL·N·Ó¨¬§Æþ«H¥¾ªº®æ¦¡¡AY¬O³o¼Ë¡A¥»®Ñ¨ÃµL¨÷º°Ý¦w»yªº·N¸q«K¤£¤Ó¤j¤F¡C4¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A³oºØ²{¶H¦b·s¬ù¨Ã«D¥»®Ñ¶È¦³ªº¡G¬ù¿«³ü®Ñ¬JµL¨÷º°Ý¦w»y¡A¥çµL«H¥½µ²»y¡F¶®¦U®Ñ¥H®Ñ«Hªº®æ¦¡¶}©l¡A¦ýµ²§ô±o«Ü¬ðµM¡C
§@ªÌºÙ¥þ®Ñ¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A³o´N¬°§ÚÌ´y¼g¤F¥»®Ñªº¤å¾Ç©Ê½è¢w¢w¥»®Ñªº¥DÅé¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A¬O»P¬y¾E¤§µS¤Ó¤Hªº·|°ó¤¤ªºÁ¿¹D¦PÃþªº¡C³o¬O²{¤µ´¶¹M³Q±µ¯Çªºµ²½×¡C5§@ªÌ§Þ¥©¦aµ¹¤©ÅªªÌ¤@Ó¦L¶H¡A´N¬O¥L¨³B¥LÌ·í¤¤¦V¥LÌÁ¿¹D¡Gª½¦Ü«H¥½ªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^¤@¬q¬°¤î¡A§@ªÌ¥Î¤ß¦aÁקK´£¤Î¼g©ÎŪµ¥¦r²´¡]³o¨Ç¦r²´·|²£¥Í§@ªÌ»PŪªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¶ZÂ÷·P¡^¡A¦Ó¬O±j½Õ»¡©MÅ¥ªº¦æ°Ê¡A¨Ã¥Bª½±µ»PŪªÌ»{¦P¡G¡u§ÚÌ©Ò»¡±N¨Óªº¥@¬É¡A¯«ì¨S¦³¥æµ¹¤Ñ¨ÏºÞÁÒ¡v¡]¤G5¡^¡F¡u½×¨ì³Á°ò¬~¼w¡A§Ú̦³¦n¨Ç¸Ü¡en»¡¡f¡A¨Ã¥BÃø¥H¸Ñ©ú¡A¦]¬°§AÌÅ¥¤£¶i¥h¡v¡]¤11¡^¡F¡u¿Ë·Rªº§Ì¥SÌ¡A§ÚÌÁö¬O³o¼Ë»¡¡K¡K¡v¡]¤»9¡^¡F¡u§ÚÌ©ÒÁ¿ªº¨Æ¡A¨ä¤¤²Ä¤@nºòªº¡e©Î³»ÂI¡f¡A´N¬O¡K¡K¡v¡]¤K1¡^¡F¡u³o´X¥ó§Ú²{¦b¤£¯à¤@¤@²Ó»¡¡v¡]¤E5¡^¡F¡u§Ú¤S¦ó¥²¦A»¡©O¡SYn¤@¤@²Ó»¡¡K¡K®ÉÔ´N¤£°÷¤F¡v¡]¤Q¤@32¡^¡C6¦¹¥~¡A§@ªÌ¤S¥Î¤F³\¦hÃã¥O¦¡ªº§ÞÇ¡A¨Ò¦pÃã¥O¦¡ªº°Ý¥y¡]¤@5¡B13¡B14¡A¤G3¡A¤T16-18¡A¤E14¡A¤Q29¡^¡C7±q¡uÃã¥O¤ÀªR¡vªº¨¤«×¬ã¨s§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¾ÇªÌµo²{¡A¤£½×´N¨äÅéµô©ÎÅGÃҤ覡¦Ó¨¥¡A¥»®Ñ³£¬O°ª«×Ãã¥O¦¡ªº¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡F¤£¹L¡AÁöµM¥»®Ñªº×Ãã¾Ç¦P®É¦³¡]¥Ò¡^±j¤ÆŪªÌ¤w±µ¨ü¤§«H©À©M¡]¤A¡^ÄU»¡¥Ļ@¥¿½Tªº§à¾Ü¤ÎÁקK¤£¦X©yªº¦æ°Ê³o¨âºØ©Ê½è¡A¥»®Ñ«o¨Ã¤£§¹¥þ²Å¦X§ÆþÃã¥O¾Çªº¤â¥U©Ò´y¼gªºÃþ«¬¡F³oªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¼ô±x³o¨Ç×Ãã¾Çªº®æ¦¡¡A«o«ö¥L¦Û¤vªº¥Øªº¦Ó¥[¥Hקï©M¹B¥Î¡C8
¥»®Ñ¥H«H¥¾ªº¤è¦¡µ²§ô¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^¡C¤£¹L¡A¡u§Ú¥u¬O²²¤¦aµ¹§A̼g¤F³o«Ê«H¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡A«ä°ª¡^³o¸Ü¡A»P¥»®Ñ¥DÅé¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹ªº¨Æ¹ê¨ÃµL½Ä¬ð¡G¥»®Ñ°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡A¬O§@ªÌn¹ïŪªÌ¶ÇÁ¿ªº«H®§¡F¤£¹L¡A§@ªÌ¬°¤F¬Y¨Çì¦]¥¼¯à¿Ë¦Û¦bŪªÌ·í¤¤¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥L´N§â¥¦¼g¤U¨Ó¥H®Ñ«Hªº§Î¦¡¶Ç°eµ¹ÅªªÌ¡C9¤@¥@¬öªº§Æù¤å¤Æ°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@ºØµÛ«¡u¤fÁ¿¡vªº¤å¤Æ¡A¦]¦¹¼g¦¨ªº¤å¦r¥ç¨üµÛ×Ãã¾Çªº¼vÅT¡A¦Ó¤£½×Á¿³¹©Î«H¥¾³£¬O¥H¤f¶Ç¹Fªº¡]°Ñ¶¾:¡u©««eÄÀ¡v482¡^¡C10Á`¨¥¤§¡A¥»®Ñ³Ì©yµø¬°¤@½g¼g¦¨ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¥½«á¥[¤W´X¥yÓ¤H©Êªºµ²»y¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T22µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡C11
1 Cf. Lane II lxix-lxx¡FCarson-Moo-Morris 391.
2 Cf. Ellingworth 61-62.
3 So Westcott xxx.
4 So D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.664; NTI
712 n.3.
5 Cf., e.g., Lane II lxx-lxxiv; Attridge
II
6 Cf. Michaels in New Testament Speaks 309;
Lane II lxxiv-lxxv.
7 ¸Ô¨£MHT 4.107-08.
8 ¸Ô¨£Lane II lxxv-lxxx.
9 Cf. Ellingworth 60; Aune, The New
Testament 213; Lindars, 'Rhetorical Structure' 383 n.2. ³Ì«á³o½g¤å³¹ªºÃD¥Ø³Qµû¬°'misleading' (Lane II lxxviii); Freyne
('Reading Hebrews' 88)¥ç¿×Lindars¹ï'rhetorical'¤@¦rªº¥Îªk¤Ó¹LÅ¢²Î¡C
10 Cf. Isaacs 18-19; Jobes, 'Hebrews
10:5-7' 185.
11 Martin (Foundations 2.350)»{¬°¥»®Ñ¥ç¥iºÙ¬°³Q©ñ¦b¤@½g½×¤å¤ºªºÁ¿¹D¶°('a collection of sermons brought
together in a single treatise'). ¤£¹L¡A¦Ü¤Ö´N¥»®Ñªº²{ª¬¦Ó½×¡A¥¦¬O¤@½g¤@®ð¨þ¦¨ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¦Ó¤£¬O±N¤£¦PªºÁ¿³¹¶°¦X¦Ó¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C
µ²ºc
Ãö©ó§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤å¾Çµ²ºc¡AÄÀ¸gªÌ¨ÃµL¤@Pªº·N¨£¡C¸Ô²Óªº°Q½×¥i°Ñ³s°¶·G¤Î¦ãÆF°¶ªºµùÄÀ¡C12ȱo¯S§O¯d·Nªº¤@ÂI¡A´N¬OY®Ú¾Ú§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¤å¾Ç§ÞǤÀªR¦Ó±oªº®æ¦¡¡]µ²ºc¡^»P¤º®e²æ¸`¡A³o´NÅܦ¨§â¤º®e§á¬n¤F¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹ï¤º®e¥[¥H¼á²M¡F13¦]¦¹¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨Ç®ÉÔ¡A¤º®e¤è±ªº¦Ò¼{¤ñ¯ÂÄݤå¾Çµ²ºc¤è±ªº«ü¼Ð¨Ó±o§ó«n¡C14¥»µùÄÀ©Ò±Ä¯Çªºµ²ºc¤ÀªR¡]¨£¥Ø¿ý¤§¤UªºµùÄÀ¤jºõ¡^¹Á¸Õ¹ï®æ¦¡©M¤º®e¤G¤è±¦P®ÉÝÅU¡F¸Ô²Óªº²z¥Ñ¥i¨£©ó¨C¤@¤j¬q¡]³ü¡B¶L¡BúSµ¥¡^¤Î¦U¤À¬q¡]¤@¡B¤G¡B¤Tµ¥¡^ªº¤Þ¨¥³¡¤À¡C
12 Lane II lxxxiv-xcviii; Ellingworth 50-58. See also
Attridge II 14-19; Vanhoye I; Vanhoye II. Vanhoye¡]¤¤Ä¶¥i§@¡uSµØ¡v¡^ªº¤ÀªR³QKu/emmel (INT 390)µû¬°¡u²o±j¡v('contrived')¡A¥ç¨ü¨ì¨ä¥LÄÀ¸gªÌªº§åµû(e.g., Bligh, 'Structure'; Thornton,
'Review'; Swetnam, 'Hebrews 1-6'; idem, 'Hebrews 7-13'; Lindars, 'Rhetorical
Structure' 392 n.2)¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡AMontefiore 31»{¬°SµØªºµ²ºc¤ÀªR¨ã»¡ªA¤O¡CBlack ('Literary Structure' 176)¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X¡ASµØªº¤ÀªR¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@ÂIÀ³´¶¹M³Q±µ¯Ç¡A´N¬O¥L©Ò«ü¥X§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¦UºØ©úÅ㪺Åéµô¤Wªº§ÞÇ¢w¢w¹w§iÃD¥Ø¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤G17¡A¡u·O´d©¾«Hªº¤j²½¥q¡v¡^¡B¹L´ç©Êªº¹_¦r¡]'hook-words'¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤@4/5¡A¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡v¡^¡B¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬ªº§ïÅÜ¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤@5-14/¤G1-4¡^¡B¯S§Oªº¦rµü¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤Q¤@³¹ªº¡u¦]µÛ«H¡v¡^¡A¥H¤Î«e«á©IÀ³¡]'inclusio'¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤@5/13¡A¡u©Ò¦³ªº¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¯«±q¨Ó¹ï¨º¤@Ó»¡¡K¡K¡v¡^¡C
13 Swetnam, 'Hebrews 1-6' 369: 'if form is
too much divorced from content it can lead to a distortion of content, not a
clarification.'
14 Cf. Lane II 204: 'In this case [8:1-13],
considerations of content must take precedence over merely formal indications
of literary structure.'
¤jºõ
¤Þ¨¥¡G¯«ÂǤl»¡¸Ü¡]¤@1-4¡^
³ü¡@¯«¤l¥ç¬O¤j²½¥q¡]¤@5-¤G18¡^
¶L¡@·O´d©¾«Hªº°ò·þ¡]¤T1-¤10¡^
úS¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¾¤À¡]¤11-¤C28¡^
¸v¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¤u§@¡]¤K1-¤Q18¡^
¥î¡@·í¥H°í§Ô«ù¦u©Ò«H¡]¤Q19-¤Q¤G13¡^
³°¡@³Ì«áªºÄU«j¤Î±Ð¾É¡]¤Q¤G14-¤Q¤T21¡^
µ²»y¡Gªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=267,Name=µ²»y¡Gªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^}
¢w¢w ¶¾½®©[¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡n
°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø
¡]¦b®Ñ¤¤¥H§@ªÌ©m¦W©Î©m¤ó¤ÎÁYµuªº®Ñ¦W©Î¤å³¹ÃD¥Ø¤Þz¡^
¥Ò³¡¡G¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z
¤A³¡¡G^¤å®Ñ¥Z
¸É¥R®Ñ¥Ø
¥Ò³¡¡G¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z
ªLºa¬xµÛ¡G ¡u°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Çµo®i¥v¡]¤@¡^¡Gªì´Á±Ð·|¡v¡]»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|1990¡^
©P¥Ã°·¡G ¡u±qºaÄ£ªº²½¥q¾¤À¬Ý¨Æ©^¡v¡A¡u¨Æ©^ªº¤H¥Í¡v¡A§E¹F¤ß¡@¶¾½®©[¦X½s¡]»´ä«Å¹D1982¡^¡A65-87
¬x¦P«jµÛ¡G ¡u§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F¨â¨÷¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D199O, 1992¡^
¶À¿ü¤ì¡G ¡u¤T¥»·s¬ù§Æþ¤åÃã¨åªº¤ñ¸û¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤Q¤T´Á¡]¤@¤E¤E¤G¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A¶129-158
¶À¿ü¤ì¡G ¡u»y¨¥¾Ç¡BÄÀ¸g¡BĶ¸g¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤E´Á¡]¤@¤E¤E¡³¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A¶71-104
¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G ¡u¯u²z»P¦Û¥Ñ¡G¥[©Ô¤Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¼Wqª©¡A»´äÃÒ¹D1987¡^
¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G ¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1991¡e¤Gª©¡f¡^
¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G ¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1989¡^
¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G ¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1990¡^
¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G ¡u®¦½ç»P¨Æ©^¡G«Où¯«¾ÇÂIºw¡v¡]¼Wqª©¡A»´ä¤Ñ¹D1998¡^
¶¾½®©[¡G ¡u·s¬ùªº¨Æ©^¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤´Á¡]¤@¤E¤K¤K¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A¶45-76
·¨¿üÃò¡G ¡u¡y¨Æ©^¡z¡G¸t¸g¦r¸q¬ã¨s¡v¡A¡u¨Æ©^ªº¤H¥Í¡v¡A§E¹F¤ß¡@¶¾½®©[¦X½s¡]»´ä«Å¹D1982¡^¡A41-64
Àj·|¶éµÛ¡G ¡uù°¨®Ñ¡]¨÷¤W¡^¡v¡]¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1991¡^
Àj·|¶éµÛ¡G ¡uºqù¦è®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1990/85¡^
ñK¬±°xµÛ¡G ¡u¦ý¥H²z®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F»´ä¤Ñ¹D1989¡^
¤A³¡¡G^¤å®Ñ¥Z
Swetnam, J. [1~6]
'Form and Content in Hebrews 1~6', Bib 53 (1972) 368~85
Hurst, L. D. [1~2]
'The Christology of Hebrews 1 and 2', in The Glory of Christ in the New
Testament (G. B. Caird FS), ed L. D. Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987),
151~64
Smothers, T. G. [1:1~4:13]
'A Superior Model: Hebrews 1:1~4:13', RevExp 82 (1985) 333~43
Koops, R. [1]
'Chains of Contrasts in Hebrews 1', BibTrans 34 (1983) 220~25
Cockerill, G. L. [1:1~14]
'Heb 1:1~14, 1 Clem. 36:1~6 and the High Priest Title', JBL 97
(1978) 437~40
Meier, J. P. [1:1~14]
'Structure and Theology in Heb 1:1~14', Bib 66 (1985) 168~89
Black, D. A. [1:1~4]
'Hebrews 1:1~4: A Study in Discourse Analysis', WTJ 49 (1987) 175~94
Ebert, IV, D. J. [1:1~4]
'The Chiastic Structure of the Prologue to Hebrews', TrinJ N.S. 13
(1992) 163~79
Lane, W. L. [1:1~4]
'Detecting Divine Wisdom in Hebrews 1:1~4', in The New Testament Student and
His Field, ed J. H. Skilton and C. A. Ladley (vol. 5 of The New
Testament Student; Phillipsburg 1982), 150~58
Robinson, D. W. B. [1:1~4]
'The Literary Structure of Hebrews 1:1~4', AJBA 21 (1972) 178~86
Dormandy, R. [1:1~2]
'Hebrews 1:1~2 and the Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen', ExpT 100
(1988~89) 371~75
Frankowski, J. [1:3]
'Early Christian Hymns Recorded in the New Testament: A reconsideration of the
question in the light of Heb 1, 3', BZ 27 (1983) 183~94
Oberholtzer, T. K. [1:5~2:5]
'The Eschatological Salvation of Hebrews 1:5~2:5', BS 145 (1988) 83~97
Meier, J. P. [1:5~14]
'Symmetry and Theology in the Old Testament Citations of Heb 1, 5~14', Bib
66 (1985) 504~33
Harris, M. J. [1:8~9]
'The Translation and Significance of ho theos in Hebrews 1:8~9', TynB 36
(1985) 129~62 [reprinted, with the necessary updating, as 'The Throne of God
(Hebrews 1:8~9)', in Jesus as God: The New Testament Use of Theos in
Reference to Jesus (Grand Rapids 1992) 205~27]
Grogan, G. W. [2:5~18]
'Christ and His People: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Hebrews 2:5~18',
VE 6 (1969) 54~71
Brawley, R. L. [2:8]
'Discoursive Structure and the Unseen in Hebrews 2:8 and 11:1: A Neglected
Aspect of the Context', CBQ 55 (1993) 81~98
Elliott, J. K. [2:9]
'When Jesus was Apart from God: an Examination of Hebrews 2:9', ExpT 83
(1971~72) 339~41
O'Neill, J. C. [2:9]
'Hebrews II. 9', JTS n.s. 17 (1966) 82
Hickling, C. J. A. [2:10~18]
'John and Hebrews: The Background of Hebrews 2:10~18', NTS 29 (1983)
112~16
Mitchell, A. C. [2:10]
'The Use of prepein and Rhetorical Propriety in Hebrews 2:10', CBQ 54
(1992) 681~701
Flusser, D. [3~4]
'"Today if You Will Listen to this Voice": Creative Exegesis in
Hebrews 3~4', in Creative Biblical Exegesis: Christian and Jewish Exegesis
through the Centuries, ed B. Uffenheimer and H. G. Reventlow (JSOTSS 59;
Sheffield 1988), 55~62
Oberholtzer, T. K. [3:1~4:13]
'The Kingdom Rest in Hebrews 3:1~4:13', BS 145 (1988) 185~96
Ratzlaff, D. [3~4]
'The Rest That Remains: Hebrews 3 and 4', Sabbath in Crisis (Aplegate,
CA 1990) 237~49
Grasser, E. [3:1~6]
'Mose und Jesus. Zur Auslegung von Hebr 3:1~6', ZNW 75 (1984) 2~23
Layton, S.C. [3:6]
'Christ over His House (Hebrews 3.6) and Hebrew tybhAl[ rva', NTS 37 (1991) 473~77
Yeo, K. K. [3:7~4:13]
'The Meaning and Usage of the Theology of "Rest" (Katapausis and
sabbatismos) in Hebrews 3:7~4:13', AJT 5 (1991) 2~33
Nardoni, E. [3:14]
'Partakers in Christ (Hebrews 3.14', NTS 37 (1991) 146~52
Attridge, H. W. [4:1~11]
'"Let us strive to enter that rest": The Logic of Hebrews 4:1~11' HTR
73 (1980) 279~88
Swetnam, J. [4:12~13]
'Jesus as Logos in Hebrews 4, 12~13', Bib 62 (1981) 214~24
Songer, H. S. [4:14~7:28]
'A Superior Priesthood: Hebrews 4:14~7:28', RevExp 82 (1985) 345~59
Schenk, W. [4:14~16]
'Hebraerbrief 4.14~16. Textlinguistik als Kommentierungsprinzip', NTS 26
(1979~80) 242~52
Shuster, M. [4:15]
'The Temptation, Sinlessness, and Sympathy of Jesus: Another Look at the Dilemma
of Hebrews 4:15', in Perspectives on Christology (P. K. Jewett FS),
ed M. Shuster and R. Muller (Grand Rapids 1991), 197~209
Omark, R. E. [5:7~10]
'The Saving of the Savior: Exegesis and Christology in Hebrews 5:7~10', Int
12 (1958) 39~51
Attridge, H. W. [5:7]
'"Heard Because of His Reverence" (Heb 5:7)', JBL 98 (1979)
90~93
Peterson, D. G. [5:11~6:12]
'The Situation of the "Hebrews" (5:11~6:12)', RTR 35 (1976)
14~21
Owen, H. P. [5:11~6:3]
'The "Stages of Ascent" in Hebrews 5:11~6:3', NTS 3 (1956~57) 243~53
Kiley, M. [5:14]
'A Note on Hebrews 5:14', CBQ 42 (1980) 501~03
Wuest, K. S. [6]
'Hebrews Six in the Greek New Testament', BS 119 (1962) 45~53
Adams, J. C. [6:1~2]
'Exegesis of Hebrews VI.
Oberholtzer, T. K. [6:4~12]
'The Thorn-Infested Ground in Hebrews 6:4~12', BS 145 (1988) 319~28
Hohenstein, H. H. [6:4~8]
'A Study of Hebrews 6:4~8', CTM 27 (1956) 433~44, 536~46
Hughes, P. E. [6:4~6]
'Hebrews 6:4~6 and the Peril of Apostasy', WTJ 35 (1973) 137~55
Nicole, R. [6:4~6]
'Some Comments on Hebrews 6:4~6 and the Doctrine of the Perseverance of God
with the Saints', in Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation
(M. C. Tenney FS), ed G. F. Hawthorne (Grand Rapids 1975), 355~64
Sabourin, L. [6:4~6]
'"Crucifying Afresh For One's Repentance" (Heb 6:4~6)', BTB 6
(1976) 264~71
Verbrugge, V. D. [6:4~6]
'Towards a New Interpretation of Hebrews 6:4~6', CTJ 15 (1980) 61~73
Sproule, J. A. [6:6]
'Parapesontas in Hebrews 6:6', GTJ 2 (1981) 327~32
Rice, G. E. [6:19]
'Hebrews 6:19: Analysis of Some Assumptions concerning KATAPETASMA', AUSS
25 (1987) 65~71
Swetnam, J. [7~13]
'Form and Content in Hebrews 7~13', Bib 55 (1974) 333~48
Ellingworth, P. [7:1~10]
'"Like the Son of God": Form and Content in Hebrews 7, 1~10', Bib
64 (1983) 255~62
Demarest, B. A. [7:3]
'Hebrews 7:3: A Crux Interpretum Historically Considered', EQ 49 (1977)
141~62
Neyrey, J. H. [7:3]
'"Without Beginning of Days or End of Life" (Hebrews 7:3): Topos for
a True Deity', CBQ 53 (1991) 439~55
Paul, M. J. [7:3]
'The Order of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4 and Heb 7:3)', WTJ 49 (1987) 195~211
Hollander, H. W. [7:11;
8:6] 'Hebrews 7.11 and 8.6: a suggestion for the translation of nenomothete_tai epi', BibTrans 30
(1979) 244~47
Ellingworth, P. [7:24]
'The Unshakable Priesthood: Hebrews 7.24', JSNT 23 (1985) 125~26
Attridge, H. W. [8~10] 'The Uses of Antithesis in Hebrews 8~10', in Christians
Among Jews and Gentiles (K. Stendahl FS), ed G. W. E. Nickelsburg
and G. W. MacRae (Philadelphia 1986), 1~9 [= HTR 79 (1986) 1~9]
Omanson, R. L. [8:1~10:18]
'A Superior Covenant: Hebrews 8:1~10:18', RevExp 82 (1985) 361~73
Wolmarans, J. L. P. [8:8]
'The Text and Translation of Hebrews 8:8' ZNW 75 (1984) 139~44
Young, N. H. [9]
'The Gospel according to Hebrews 9', NTS 27 (1980~81) 198~210
Camacho, H. S. [9:3~4]
'The Altar of Incense in Hebrews 9:3~4', AUSS 24 (1986) 5~12
Grayston, K. [9:11~14]
'Salvation Proclaimed: III. Hebrews 9:11~14', ExpT 93 (1981~82) 164~68
Kubo, S. [9:11~12]
'Hebrews 9:11~12: Christ's Body, Heavenly Region, or...?' in Scribes and
Scripture (J.H. Greenlee FS), ed D. A. Black (Winnona Lake 1992),
97~109
Swetnam, J. [9:11]
'"The Greater and More Perfect Tent". A Contribution to the
Discussion of Hebrews 9,11', Bib 47 (1966) 91~106
Hughes, J. J. [9:15ff.]
'Hebrews ix 15ff. and Galatians iii 15ff.
A Study in Covenant Practice and Procedure', NovT 21 (1979) 27~96
Wild, J. S. [9:15~22]
'The Testamental Significance of diathe_ke_ in Hebrews 9:15~22', Neot 26 (1992) 149~56
Swetnam, J. [9:15~18]
'A Suggested Interpretation of Hebrews 9, 15~18', CBQ 27 (1965) 373~90
Campbell, K. M. [9:16~17]
'Covenant or Testament? Heb. 9:16, 17 Reconsidered', EQ 44 (1972) 107~11
Swetnam, J. [9:26]
'Sacrifice and Revelation in The Epistle to the Hebrews: Observations and
Surmises on Hebrews 9,26', CBQ 30 (1968) 227~34
Jobes, K. H. [10]
'Rhetorical Achievement in the Hebrews 10 "Misquote" of Psalm 40', Bib
72 (1991) 387~96
------ [10:5~7]
'The Function of Paronomasia in Hebrews 10:5~7', TrinJ N. S. 13 (1992)
181~91
Culpepper, R. A. [10:19~12:2]
'A Superior Faith: Hebrews 10:19~12:2', RevExp 82 (1985) 375~90
Dahl N. A. [10:19~25]
'A New and Living Way: The Approach to God According to Hebrews 10:19~25', Int
5 (1951) 401~12
Young, N. H. [10:20]
'tout' estin te_s sarkos
autou
(Heb. x. 20): Apposition, Dependent or Explicative?', NTS 20 (1973~74)
100~04
Oberholtzer, T. K. [10:26~39]
'The Danger of Willful Sin in Hebrews 10:26~39', BS 145 (1988) 410~19
Lewis, T. W. [10:38b]
'"... And if he shrinks back" (Heb. x. 38b)', NTS 22 (1975~76)
88~94
Cosby, M. R. [11]
'The Rhetorical Composition of Hebrews 11', JBL 107 (1988) 257~73
Miller M. R. [11]
'What is the Literary Form of Hebrews 11?', JETS 29 (1986) 411~17
Morgan, G. C. [11]
The Triumphs of Faith: Expositions of Hebrews 11 (Grand Rapids, 1973 reprint)
Betz, O. [11:1]
'Firmness in Faith: Hebrews 11:1 and Isaiah 28:16', in Scripture: Meaning
and Method (A. T. Hanson FS), ed B. P. Thompson (Hull University 1987),
92~113
Brawley, R. L. [11:1]
'Discoursive Structure and the Unseen in Hebrews 2:8 and 11:1: A Neglected
Aspect of the Context', CBQ 55 (1993) 81~98
Hughes, P. E. [11:3]
'The Doctrine of Creation in Hebrews 11:3', BTB 2 (1972) 64~77
Black, M. [11:11]
'Additional Note on Heb. xi. 11 and the Circumstantial Clause in Hebrews', An
Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts (3rd ed.; Oxford 1967/1977), 83~89
van der Horst, P. W. [11:11]
'Sarah's Seminal Emission: Hebrews 11:
Black D. A. [12:1~2]
'A Note on the Structure of Hebrews 12:1~2', Bib 68 (1987) 543~51
Horning, E. B. [12:1~2]
'Chiasmus, Creedal Structure, and Christology in Hebrews 12:1~2', BR 23
(1978) 37~48
Bream, H. N. [12:1]
'More on Hebrews xii. 1', ExpT 80 (1968~69) 150~51
Robb, J. D. [12:1]
'Hebrews xii. 1', ExpT 79 (1967~68) 254
Jones, P. R. [12:3~13:25]
'A Superior Life: Hebrews 12:3~13:25', RevExp 82 (1985) 391~405
Ellingworth, P. [12:3]
'New Testament Text and Old Testament Context in Heb. 12:3', in Studia
Biblica 1978 III. Papers on Paul
and Other New Testament Authors, ed E. A. Livingstone (JSNTSS 3; Sheffield
1980), 89~96
Watkins, R. T. [12:17]
'The New English Bible and the Translation of Hebrews xii.17', ExpT 73
(1961~62) 29~30
Oberholtzer, T. K. [12:25~29]
'The Failure to Heed His Speaking in Hebrews 12:25~29', BS 146 (1989)
67~75
Koester H. [13:9~14]
'"Outside the Camp": Hebrews 13.9~14', HTR 55 (1962) 299~315
Trudinger, L. P. [13:10~13]
'The Gospel Meaning of the Secular: Reflections on Hebrews 13:10~13', EQ
54 (1982) 235~37
Cranfield, C. E. B. [13:20~21]
'Hebrews 13:20~21', The Bible and Christian Life (Edinburgh 1985) 144~50
Allen, E. L. 'Jesus
and Moses in the New Testament', ExpT 67 (1955~56) 104~06
Allen, L. C. 'Psalm
45:7~8 (6~7) in Old and New Testament Settings', in Christ the Lord (D.
Guthrie FS), ed H. H. Rowden (Leicester and Downers Grove 1982), 220~42
Anderson, C. P. 'Who
Are the Heirs of the New Age in the Epistle to the Hebrews?', in Apocalypse
and the New Testament (J. L. Martyn FS), ed J. Marcus and M. L.
Soards (JSNTSS 24; Sheffield 1989), 255~77
Arowele, P. J. 'The
Pilgrim People of God (An African's Reflections on the motif of sojourn in the
Epistle to the Hebrews)', AJT 4 (1990) 438~55
Attridge, H. W. 'New
Covenant Christology in an Early Christian Homily', QR 8 (1988) 89~108
------- 'Paraenesis
in a Homily (logos
parakle_seo_s): The Possible Location of, and Socialization in, the "Epistle to
the Hebrews"', Semeia 50 (1990) 211~26
Aune, D. E. 'Heracles
and Christ: Heracles Imagery in the Christology of Early Christianity', in Greeks,
Romans, and Christians (A. J. Malherbe FS), ed D. L. Balch, E.
Ferguson and W. A. Meeks (Minneapolis 1990), 3~19
------ The
New Testament in Its Literary Environment (Library of Early Christianity 8;
Philadelphia 1987)
Baigent, J. W. 'Jesus
as Priets: An Examination of the Claim that the Concept of Jesus as Priest may
be found in the New Testament outside the Epistle to the Hebrews', VE 12
(1981) 34~44
Biley, J. L., and
Broek, L. D. V. 'The
Sermon: Hebrews', Literary Forms in the New Testament (Louisville, KY
1992) 191~95
Baldwin, J. G. Haggai,
Zechariah, Malachi (TOTC; Leicester 1972/1978)
Barker, G. W.,
Lane, W. L., and
Michaels, J. R. The
New Testament Speaks (New Yourk 1969)
Barrett, C. K. The
Epistle to the Romans (BNTC; 1957/1973)
------- 'The
Eschatoloty of the Epistle to the Hebrews', in The Background of the New
Testament and Its Eschatoloty (C. H. Dodd FS), ed W. D. Davies and
D. Daube (Cambridge 1956), 363~93
Barth, M. Ephesians
(AB, 2 vols; Garden City 1974)
----- 'The
Old Testament in Hebrews: An Essay in Biblical Hermeneutics', in Current
Issues in New Testament Interpretation (O. A. Piper FS), ed W.
Klassen and G. F. Hawthorne (New York 1962), 53~78 (with notes on 263~73)
Best, E. 'Spiritual
Sacrifice: General Priesthood in The New Testament', Int 14 (1960)
273~99
Black, II, C. C. 'The
Rhetorical Form of the Hellenistic Jewish and Early Christian Sermon: A
Response to Lawrence Wills', HTR 81 (1988) 1~18
Black, D. A. 'The
Problem of the Literary Structure of Hebrews: An Evaluation and a Proposal', GTJ
7 (1986) 163~77
Bligh, J. 'The
Structure of Hebrews', HeyJ 5 (1964) 170~77
Borchert, G. L. 'A
Superior Book: Hebrews', RevExp 82 (1985) 319~32
Bornkamm, G. Early
Christian Experience (London 1969)
Brown, R. 'Pilgrimage
in Faith: The Christian Life in Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 28~35
Bruce, F. F. The
Acts the Apostles (2nd ed.; London 1952/1965)
------ The
Book of the Acts (NICNT; rev. ed.; Grand Rapids 1988)
------ The
Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians (NICNT; Grand
Rapids 1984)
------ 'The
History of New Testament Study', in New Testament Interpretation, ed I.
H. Marshall (Exeter 1977), 21~59
------ 'The
Kerygma of Hebrews', Int 23 (1969) 3~19
------ Men
and Movements in the Primitive Church (Exeter 1979)
------ The
Message of the New Testament (Exeter 1972)
------ 'Recent
Contributions to the Understanding of Hebrews', ExpT 80 (1968~69) 260~64
------ 'The
Structure and Argument of Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 6~12
------ 'Textual
Problems in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Scribes and Scripture (J. H.
Greenlee FS), ed D. A. Black (Winnona Lake 1992), 27~39
------ The
Time is Fulfilled (Grand Rapids 1978)
------ '"To
the Hebrews" or "To the Essenes"?', NTS 9 (1962~63)
217~32
Buchanan, G.W. 'The
Present State of Scholarship on Hebrews', in Christianity, Judaism and Other
Graeco-Roman Cults (M. Smith FS), ed J. Neusner (Leiden 1975),
1.299~330
Bulman, J. M. 'The
Only Begotten Son', CTJ 16 (1981) 56~79
Caird, G. B. 'Son
by Appointment', in The New Testament Age (B. Reicke FS), ed W.
C. Weinrich (2 vols; Macon, GA 1984), 1.73~81
----- 'The
Christological Basis of Christian Hope', in The Christian Hope by G. B.
Caird et al. (SPCK Theological Collections 13; London 1970), 9~24
----- 'The
Exegetical Method of the Epistle to the Hebrews', CJT 5 (1959) 44~51
Carlston, C. E. 'Eschatology
and Repentance in the Epistle to the Hebrews', JBL 78 (1959) 296~302
------- 'The
Vocabulary of Perfection in Philo and Hebrews', in Unity and Diversity in
New Testament Theology (G. E. Ladd FS), ed R. A. Guelich (Grand
Rapids 1978), 133~60
Carr, G. L. 'The
Old Testament Love Songs and Their Use in the New Testament', JETS 24
(1981) 97~105
Carson, D. A. A
Call to Spiritual Reformation: Priorities from Paul and His Prayers (Grand
Rapids 1992)
------ Exegetical
Fallacies (Grand Rapids 1984)
Carson, D. A.,
Moo, D. J., and
Morris, L. An
Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1992) [abbreviated as INT]
Casey, J. M. 'Christian
assembly in Hebrews: a fantasy island?', TD 30 (1982) 323~35
Charles, J. D. 'The
Angels, Sonship and Birthright in the Letter to the Hebrews', JETS 33
(1990) 171~78
Chester, A. N. 'Hebrews:
the final sacrifice', in Sacrifice and Redemption: Durham Essays in Theology,
ed S. W. Sykes (Cambridge 1991), 57~72
Clements, R. E. 'The
Use of the Old Testament in Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 36~45
Clowney, E. P. 'The
Biblical Theology of the Church', in The Church in the Bible and the World,
ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 13~87
Cockerill, G. L. 'Melchizedek
or "King of Righteousness"', EQ 63 (1991) 305~12
Cole, R. A. Exodus
(TOTC; Leicester 1973/1979)
Collins, F. R. 'The
Epistle to the Hebrews', Letters That Paul Did Not Write: The Epistle to the
Hebrews and the Pauline Pseudepigrapha (Wilmington, DE 1988) 19~56
Cook, R. R. 'Apostasy:
Some Logical Reflections', EQ 65 (1993) 147~53
Cranfield, C. E. B. The
Epistle to the Romans (ICC; 2 vols.; Edinburgh 1975, 1979)
Cullmann, O. Christ
and Time (E.T., rev. ed.; London 1962/1967)
Dahms, J. V. 'The
First Readers of Hebrews', JETS 20 (1977) 365~75
Davids, P. H. The
Epistle of James (NIGTC; Exeter 1982)
Davidson, R. M. Typology
in Scripture: A Study of Hermeneutical Structures (Berrien Springs 1981)
Davies, J. H. 'The
Heavenly Work of Christ in Hebrews', in Studia Evangelica, Vol. IV, Part
I, ed F. L. Cross (TU 102; Berlin 1968), 384~89
Dodd, C. H. According
to the Scriptures: The Sub-structure of New Testament Theology (London
1952/1965)
----- 'Hilaskesthai,
its Cognates, Derivatives and Synonyms in the Septuagint', JTS 32 (1931)
352~60 [reprinted in The Bible and the Greeks (London 1935/1954) 82~95]
Dumbrell, W. J. 'The
Spirits of Just Men Made Perfect', EQ 48 (1976) 154~59
Drane, J. Introducing
the New Testament (San Francisco 1986) [abbreviated as INT]
Dunn, J. D. G. Baptism
in the Holy Spirit (SBT 2/15; Naperville, IL 1970)
------- The
Partings of the Ways Between Christianity and Judaism and their Significance
for the Character of Christianity (London and Philadelphia 1991)
------- Romans
1~8, Romans 9~16 (WBC
Eccles, R. S. 'The
Purpose of the Hellenistic Patterns in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Religions
in Antiquity: Essays in Memory of E. R. Goodenough, ed J. Neusner (Leiden
1968), 207~26
Ellingworth, P. 'Hebrews
and the Anticipation of Completion', Themelios 14 (1988~89) 6~11
------- 'Hebrews
in the Eighties', BibTrans 39 (1988) 131~38
------- 'Jesus
and the Universe in Hebrews', EQ 58 (1986) 337~50
------- 'Just
Like Melchizedek', BibTrans 28 (1977) 236~39
Elliott, J. K. 'Is
Post-Baptismal Sin Forgivable?', BibTrans 28 (1977) 330~32
Ellis, E. E. 'Dating
the New Testament', NTS 26 (1979~80) 487~502
------ Paul's
Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids 1991 reprint)
Ellison, H. L. The
Message of the Old Testament (Exeter 1969)
Fairhurst, A. M. 'Hellenistic
Influence in the Epistle to the Hebrews', TynB 12 (1961) 17~27
Fischer, J. 'Covenant,
Fulfilment and Judaism in Hebrews', ERT 13 (1989) 175~87
Fitzmyer, J. A. Essays
on the Semitic Background of the New Testament (Society of Biblical
Literature and Scholars Press 1974)
Floor, L. 'The
General Priesthood of Believers in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5
(1971) 72~82
France, R. T. Matthew
(TNTC; Leicester and Grand Rapids 1985)
Francis, D. P. 'The
Holy Spirit: A Statistical Enquiry', ExpT 96 (1984~85) 136~37
Freyne, S. 'Reading
Hebrews and Revelation Intertextually', in Intertextuality in Biblical
Writings (Bas van Iersel FS), ed S. Draisma (Kampen 1989), 83~93
Frost, S. 'Who
Were the Heroes? An Exercise in Bitestamentary Exegesis, with Christological
Implications', in The Glory of Christ in the New Testament (G. B. Caird FS),
ed L. D. Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987), 165~72
Fung, R. Y. K. 'Function
or Office? A Survey of the New Testament Evidence', ERT 8 (1984) 16~39
------- 'Ministry
in the New Testament', in The Church in the Bible and the World, ed D.
A. Carson (Grand Rapids 1987), 154~212
------- 'A
Study of the homologeo_-homologia Word Group in the
Classical and Koine Periods with Particular Reference to the Influence of the
Septuagint on the New Testament Usage' (unpublished paper 1970)
Garvie, A. E. 'The
Pioneer of Faith and of Salvation', ExpT 26 (1914~15) 502~04, 546~50
Gordon, R. P. 'Better
Promises: Two Passages in Hebrews against the Background of the Old Testament
Cultus', in Templum Amicitiae: Essays on the Second Temple presented to
Ernst Bammel, ed W. Horbury (JSNTSS 48; Sheffield 1991), 434~49
Grasser, E. 'Rechtfertigung im Hebra:erbrief', in Rechtfertigung (E. Ka:semann FS), ed J. Friedrich, W. Po:ehlmann and P. Stuhlmacher (Tu:bingen and Go:ttingen 1976), 79~93
Grant, R. M. A
Historical Introduction to the New Testament (New York and Evanston, 1963)
[abbreviated as INT]
Gundry, R. H. A
Survey of the New Testament (Exeter 1970)
Gunton, C. 'Christ
the Sacrifice: Aspects of the Language and Imagery of the Bible', in The
Glory of Christ in the New Testament (G. B. Caird FS), ed L. D.
Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987), 229~38
Guthrie, D. 'The
New Testament Approach to Social Responsibility', VE 8 (1973) 40~59
----- New
Testament Introduction (4th ed. [rev.]; Leicester and Downers Grove 1990)
[abbreviated as NTI]
Hagner, D. A. 'Interpreting
the Epistle to the Hebrews', in The Literature and Meaning of Scripture,
ed M. A. Inch and C. H. Bullock (Grand Rapids 1978), 217~42
------ 'The
Old Testament in the New Testament', in Interpreting the Word of God (S.
Barabas FS), ed S. J. Schultz and M. A. Inch (Chicago 1976), 78~104
Hamm, D. 'Faith
in the Epistle to the Hebrews: The Jesus Factor', CBQ 52 (1990) 270~91
Hanson, A. T. 'Christ
in the Old Testament according to Hebrews', in Studia Evangelica, Vol.
II, Part I, ed F. L. Cross (TU87; Oxford 1964), 393~407
------- 'Hebrews',
in It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture (B. Lindars FS), ed
D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson (Cambridge 1988), 292~302
Harrison, E. F. Introduction
to the New Testament (rev. ed.; Grand Rapids 1971/1974) [abbreviated as INT]
------- 'The
Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews', BS 121 (1964) 333~40
Harrison, R. K. Leviticus
(TOTC; Leicester 1980)
Hay, D. M. Glory
at the Right Hand: Psalm
Higgins, A. J. B. 'The
Priestly Messiah', NTS 13 (1966~67) 211~36
Hill, D. Greek
Words and Hebrew Meanings: Studies in the Semantics of Soteriological Terms
(SNTSMS 5; Cambridge 1967)
Horbury, W. 'The
Aaronic Priesthood in the Epistle to the Hebrews', JSNT 19 (1983) 43~71
Howard, G. 'Hebrews
and the Old Testament Quotations', NovT 10 (1968) 208~16
Howard, W. F. 'The
Epistle to the Hebrews', Int 5 (1951) 80~91
Hughes, P. E. 'The
Christology of Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 19~27
Hunter, A. M. 'Apollos
the Alexandrian', in Biblical Studies (W. Barclay FS), ed J. R.
McKay and J. F. Miller (London 1976), 147~156
Hurst, L. D. 'Apollos,
Hebrews, and Corinth: Bishop Montefiore's Theory Examined', SJT 38
(1985) 505~13
------ 'Eschatology
and "Platonism" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in SBL 1984
Seminar Papers (Atlanta 1985), 41~74
Huxhold, H. N. 'Faith
in the Epistle to the Hebrews', CTM 38 (1967) 657~61
Isaacs, M. E. Sacred
Space: An Approach to the Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews (JSNTSS
73; Sheffield 1992)
Jeremias, J. 'Zur Gedankenfu:hrung in den paulinischen
Briefen', in Studia
Paulina in Honorem J. de Zwaan, ed J. N. Sevenster and W. C. van Unnik
(Haarlem 1953), 146~54
John of Taize The
Way of the Lord: A New Testament Pilgrimage (Washington D. C./Dublin 1990)
John, M. P. 'Covenant-Testament-Will',
BibTrans 30 (1979) 448
Johnson, L. T. The
Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation (Philadelphia 1986)
Johnson, S. L. 'Some
Important Mistranslations in Hebrews', BS 110 (1953) 25~31
Johnsson, W. G. 'The
Cultus of Hebrews in Twentieth-Century Scholarship', ExpT 89 (1977~78)
104~08
------- 'Issues
in the Interpretation of Hebrews', AUSS 15 (1977) 169~87
------- 'The
Pilgrimage Motif in the Book of Hebrews', JBL 97 (1978) 239~51
Johnston, G. 'Christ
as Arche_gos', NTS 27 (1981)
381~85
Jones, P. R. 'The
Figure of Moses as a Heuristic Device for Understanding the Pastoral Intent of
Hebrews', RevExp 76 (1979) 95~107
Josipovici, G. 'The
Epistle to the Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles', in The Literary Guide to
the Bible, ed R. Alter and F. Kermode (Cambridge, MA 1990), 503~22
Kaiser, Jr., W. C. 'The
Promise Theme and the Theology of Rest', BS 130 (1973) 135~50
Kelly, D. F. 'Prayer
and Union with Christ', SBET 8 (1990) 109~27
Kelly, J. N. D. The
Epistles of Peter and of Jude (BNTC; London 1969)
------- The
Pastoral Epistles (BNTC; London 1963/1972)
Kidner, D. Genesis
(TOTC; London 1967)
----- The
Proverbs (TOTC; London 1964)
----- Psalms
(TOTC; 2 vols; Leicester 1973, 1975)
Kiley, M. 'Melchisedek's
Promotion to archiereus and the Translation of ta stoicheia te_s arche_s', in SLB 1986
Seminar Papers, ed K. H. Richards (Atlanta n.d.), 236~45
Klassen, W. 'To
the Hebrews or Against the Hebrews? Anti-Judaism and the Epistle to the
Hebrews', in Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, Vol. 2: Separation
and Polemic, ed S. G. Wilson (Waterloo, Ont. 1986), 1~16
Knox, D. B. 'The
Biblical Concept of Fellowship', in Church, Worship and the Local
Congregation, ed B. G. Webb (Explorations 2; Homebush West, NSW 1987),
59~82
Kummel, W. G. Introduction
to the New Testament (rev. ed.; London 1975/1979) [abbreviated as INT]
Ladd, G. E. A
Theology of the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1974)
------ Jesus
and the Kingdom: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism (London 1966)
Lane, W. L. 'Hebrews:
A Sermon in Search of a Setting', SWJT 28 (1985) 13~18
LaSor, W. S. 'The
Epistle to the Hebrews and the Qumran Writings', The Dead Sea Scrolls aand
the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1972/1976) 179~90
Lincoln, A. T. 'Sabbath,
Rest, and Eschatology in the New Testament', in From Sabbath to Lord's Day:
A Biblical, Historical and Theological Investigation, ed D. A. Carson
(Grand Rapids 1982), 197~220
Lindars, B. 'Hebrews
and the Second Temple', in Templum Amicitiae: Essays on the Second Temple
presented to Ernst Bammel, ed W. Horbury (JSNTSS 48; Sheffield 1991),
410~33
----- 'The
Rhetorical Structure of Hebrews', NTS 35 (1989) 382~406
Linss, W. C. 'Logical
Terminology in the Epistle to the Hebrews', CTM 37 (1966) 365~69
Loader, W. R. G. 'Christ
at the Right Hand - Ps. cx.
Loane, M. L. 'The
Unity of the Old and New Testaments: As Illustrated in the Epistle to the
Hebrews', in God Who is Rich in Mercy (D. B. Knox FS), ed P. T. O'Brien
and D. G. Peterson (Homebush West, NSW 1986), 255~64
Lombard, H. A. 'Katapausis
in the Letter to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 60~71
Longenecker, R. N. 'Hebrews
and the Old Testament', Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period (Grand
Rapids 1975) 158~85
--------- 'The
Melchizedek Argument of Hebrews: A Study in the Development and Circumstantial
Expression of New Testament Thought', in Unity and Diversity in New
Testament Theology (G. E. Ladd FS), ed R. A. Guelich (Grand Rapids
1978), 161~85
Mack, B. L. Rhetoric
and the New Testament (Minneapolis 1990)
MacLeod, D. J. 'The
Doctrinal Center of the Book of Hebrews', BS 146 (1989) 291~300
------- 'The
Literary Structure of the Book of Hebrews', BS 146 (1989) 185~97
------- 'The
Present Work of Christ in Hebrews', BS 148 (1991) 184~200
MacRae, G. W. 'A
Kingdom that Cannot be Shaken: The Heavenly Jerusalem in the Letter to the
Hebrews', Studies in the New Testament and Gnosticism (GNS 26;
Wilmington 1987) 98-112
------- 'Heavenly
Temple and Eschatology in the Letter to the Hebrews', Semeia 12 (1978)
179~99
Man, R. E. 'The
Value of Chiasm for New Testament Interpretation', BS 141 (1984) 146~57
Manson, T. W. 'Martyrs
and Martyrdom', BJRL 29 (1956-57) 463~84
------- 'The
Problem of the Epistle to the Hebrews', Studies in the Gospels and Epistles,
ed M. Black (London 1962), 242~58
Marshall, I. H. 'The
Divine Sonship of Jesus', Int 21 (1967) 87~103
------- Jesus
the Saviour: Studies in New Testament Theology (London 1990)
------- Kept
by the Power of God (Minneapolis 1974)
Martin, J. P. 'Faith
as Historical Understanding', in Jesus of Nazareth: Savior and Lord, ed
C. F. H. Henry (Grand Rapids 1966), 177~98
Martin, R. P. New
Testament Foundations (2 vols; Exeter and Grand Rapids 1975~78)
Marxsen, W. Introduction
to the New Testament: An Approach to its Problems (E.T.; Oxford 1968)
[abbreviated as INT]
McCullough, J. C. 'The
Impossibility of a Second Repentance in Hebrews', BibT 24 (1974) 1~7
------- 'The
Old Testament Quotations in Hebrews', NTS 26 (1979~80) 363~79
------- 'Some
Recent Developments in Research on the Epistle to the Hebrews', IBS 2
(1980) 141~65
------- 'Some
Recent Developments in Research on the Epistle to the Hebrews', IBS 3
(1981) 28~45
McKnight, S. 'The
Warning Passages of Hebrews: A Formal Analysis and Tehological Conclusions', TrinJ
13 n.s. (1992) 21~59
McRay, J. 'Atonement
and Apocalyptic in the Book of Hebrews', RestQ 23 (1980) 1~9
Miller, M. R. 'Seven
Theological Themes in Hebrews', GTJ 8 (1987) 131~40
Minear, P. S. 'An
Early Christian Theopoetic?', Semeia 12 (1978) 201~13
------ New
Testament Apocalyptic (Nashville 1981/1983)
Morris, L. The
Apostolic Preaching of the Cross (2nd ed.; London 1960)
Motyer, J. A. The
Day of the Lion (Leicester 1974)
Moule, C. F. D. The
Birth of the New Testament (HNTC; New York and Evanston 1962)
------- 'Sanctuary
and Sacrifice in the Church of the New Testament', JTS n.s. 1 (1950)
29~41
Mugridge, A. 'Warnings
in the Epistle to the Hebrews: An Exegetical and Theological Study', RTR
46 (1987) 74~82
Murray, J. 'The
Atonement and the Free Offer of the Gospel', Collected Writings of John
Murray, Vol. I (Edinburgh 1976) 59~85
------ 'The
Heavenly, Priestly Activity of Christ', Collected Writings of John Murray,
Vol. I (Edinburgh 1976) 44~58
Neufeld, V. H. The
Earliest Christian Confessions (NTTS 5; Leiden 1963)
Nicole, R. R. '"Hilaskesthai"
Revisited', EQ 49 (1977) 173~77
O'Brien, P. T. 'The
Church as a Heavenly and Eschatological Entity', in The Church in the Bible
and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 88~119
------- Colossians,
Philemon (WBC 44; Waco, TX 1982)
Osborne, G. R. 'Soteriology
in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Grace Unlimited, ed C. H. Pinnock
(Minneapolis 1975), 144~66
Parsons, M. C. 'Son
and High Priest: A Study in the Christology of Hebrews', EQ 60 (1988)
195~215
Perrin, N. The
New Testament: An Introduction (New York 1974) [abbreviated as NTI]
Peterson, D. 'Further
Reflections on Worship in the New Testament', RTR 44 (1985) 34~41
------ 'Prayer
in the General Epistles', in Teach Us to Pray: Prayer in the Bible and the
World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1990), 102~18 (notes on
328~32)
------ 'The
Prophecy of the New Covenant in the Argument of Hebrews', RTR 37 (1978)
74~81
------ 'Towards
a New Testament Theology of Worship', RTR 43 (1984) 65~73
Pryor, J. W. 'Hebrews
and Incarnational Christology', RTR 40 (1980) 44~50
Reumann, J. 'Enigmatic
Hebrews: A Rhetorical Appeal for Steadfast Faith in our Great High Priest and
in the Better Covenant', Variety and Unity in New Testament Thought
(Oxford 1991) 163~88
Rice, G. E. 'Apostasy
as a Motif and Its Effect on the Structure of Hebrews', AUSS 23 (1985)
29~35
----- 'The
Chiastic Structure of the Central Section of the Epistle to the Hebrews', AUSS
19 (1981) 243~46
Robertson, A. T. Word
Pictures in the New Testament (6 vols, 1933; reprinted Nashville n.d.)
Robinson, J. A. T. Redating
the New Testament (London 1976/1977)
Saucy, M. 'Exaltation
Christology in Hebrews: What Kind of Reign', TrinJ N. S. 14 (1993) 41~62
Schaefer, J. R. 'The
Relationship between Priestly and Servant Messianism in the Epistle to the
Hebrews', CBQ 30 (1968) 359~85
Schoonhoven, C. R. 'The
"Analogy of Faith" and the Intent of Hebrews', in Scripture,
Tradition, and Interpretation (E. F. Harrison FS), ed W. W. Gasque
and W. S. LaSor (Grand Rapids 1978), 92~110
Schreiter, R. J. 'Hope
in Hopeless Situations', In Water and in Blood (New York 1988) 107~20
Schweizer, E. A
Theological Introduction to the New Testament (E.T.; Nashville 1991)
Scott, J. J. 'Arche_gos in the Salvation History of the
Epistle to the Hebrews', JETS 29 (1986) 47~54
Sharp, J. R. 'Philonism
and the Eschatology of Hebrews: Another Look', EAJT 2 (1984) 289~98
Shedd, P. R. 'Worship
in the New Testament Church', in The Church in the Bible and the World,
ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 120~53
Silva, M. Biblical
Words and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Lexical Semantics (Grand Rapids
1983)
---- God,
Language, and Scripture (Grand Rapids 1990)
---- 'The
New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Text Form and Authority', in Scripture
and Truth, ed D. A. Carson and J. D. Woodbridge (Grand Rapids 1983), 147~65
---- 'Perfection
and Eschatology in Hebrews', WTJ 39 (1976) 60~71
Simpson, E. K. 'The
Vocabulary of the Epistle to the Hebrews. I', EQ 18 (1946) 35~38
------- Words
Worth Weighing in the Greek New Testament (London 1946)
Smalley, S. S. 'The
Atonement in the Epistle to the Hebrews', TynB 12 (1961) 28~35 [first
published in EQ 33 (1961) 34ff.]
Stott, W. 'The
Conception of "Offering" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', NTS 9
(1962~63) 62~67
Swetnam, J. 'Christology
and the Eucharist in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Bib 70 (1989) 74~95
----- 'On
the Literary Genre of the "Epistle" to the Hebrews', NovT 11
(1969) 261~69
Tenney, M. C. New
Testament Survey (rev. ed.; London 1961/1964)
Thomas, K. J. 'The
Old Testament Citations in Hebrews', NTS 11 (1964~65) 303~25
Thompson, J. A. Deuteronomy
(TOTC; Leicester 1974/1979)
Thornton, T. C. G. Review
of A. Vanhoye,
Thurston, R. W. 'Midrash
and "Magnet" Words in the New Testament', EQ 51 (1979) 22~39
Torrance, J. B. 'The
Incarnation and "Limited Atonement"', EQ 55 (1983) 83~94
Toussaint, S. D. 'The
Eschatology of the Warning Passages in the Book of Hebrews', GTJ 3
(1982) 67~80
van der Wall, C. '"The
People of God" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 83~92
van Unnik, W. C. 'The
Christian's Freedom of Speech in the New Testament', BJRL 44 (1961~62)
466~88 [reprinted in Sparsa Collecta (see next entry) 2.269~89]
-------- 'The
Semitic Background of parre_sia in the New Testament', Sparsa
Collecta: The Collected Essays of W. C. van Unnik, Part II (SuppNovT 30;
Leiden 1980) 290~306
Vanhoye, A. Old
Testament Priests and the New Priest According to the New Testament (E.T.;
Petersham, MA 1986)
Vennum, E. 'Is
She or Isn't She', Daughters of Sarah, January/February 1987, 4~7
Vermes, G. The
Dead Sea Scrolls in English (Penguin Books 1970)
Vorster, W. S. 'The
Meaning of parresia in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 51~59
Weeks, N. 'Admonition
and Error in Hebrews', WTJ 39 (1976) 72~80
Wikgren, A. 'Patterns
of Perfection in the Epistle to the Hebrews', NTS 6 (1959~60) 159~67
Williamson, R. 'The
Background of the Epistle to the Hebrews', ExpT 87 (1975~76) 232~37
------- 'Hebrews
and Doctrine', ExpT 81 (1969~70) 371~76
------- 'The
Incarnation of the Logos in Hebrews', ExpT 95 (1983~84) 4~8
Wills, L. 'The
Form of the Sermon in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity', HTR
77 (1984) 277~99
Witherington, B. 'The
Influence of Galatians on Hebrews', NTS 37 (1991) 146~52
Wood, C. M. 'On
Being Known', TToday 44 (1987) 197~206
Wood, J. 'A
New Testament Pattern for Preachers', EQ 47 (1975) 214~18
Young, N. H. 'C.
H. Dodd, "Hilaskesthai" and his Critics', EQ 48 (1976) 67~78
------ 'Haimatekchysia:
A Comment', ExpT 90 (1978~79) 180
------ '"Hilaskesthai"
and Related Words in the New Testament', EQ 55 (1983) 169~76
¸É¥R®Ñ¥Ø
¡]¥H¤U¦U¶µ¥¼¤Î¦b¥»µùÄÀ¤¤³Q±Ä¥Î¡A¦h¼Æ¬O¥Ñ©ó¥¦Ì¦b¥»µùÄÀ²æ½Z«á¤~¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡vªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥X²{¡A©Î®Ú¥»´N¬O¦b¥»®Ñ²æ½Z«á¤~±¥@ªº¡^
Cadwallader, A. H. 'The
Correction of he Text of Hebrews towards the LXX', NovT 34 (1992) 257~92
deSilva, D. A. 'Despising
Shame: A Cultural-Anthropological Investigation of the Epistle to the Hebrews',
JBL 113 (1994) 439~61
Dunnill, J. Covenant
and Sacrifice in the Letter to the Hebrews (SNTSMS 75; Cambridge 1992)
Ebert, D. J. 'The
Chiastic Structure of the Prologue to Hebrews', TrinJ 13 N.S. (1992)
163~79
Hofius, O. 'Biblische Theologie im Lichte des
Hebra:erbriefes', in New Directions in Biblical Theology, ed S. Pedersen (Leiden
1994), 108~25
Koester, C. R. 'The
Epistle to the Hebrews in Recent Study', Currents in Research: Biblical
Studies 2 (1994) 123~45
McCullough, J. C. 'Hebrews
in Recent Scholarship (Part 1)', IBS 16 (1994) 66~86
Olbricht, T. H. 'Hebrews
as Amplification', in Rhetoric and the New Testament: Essays from the 1992
Heidelberg Conference, ed S. E. Porter and T. H. Olbricht (JSNTSS 90;
Sheffield 1993), 375~87
Pursiful, D. J. The
Cultic Motif in the Spirituality of the Book of Hebrews (Leviston,
NY/Quenton, Ont./Lampeter, Wales 1993)
Rayburn, R. S. 'Hebrews',
in Evangelical Commentary on the Bible, ed W. A. Elwell (Grand Rapids
1989), 1124~49
Dolfe, K.-G. E. [2:16]
'Hebrews 2,16 under the magnifying glass', ZNW 84 (1993) 289~94
Enns, P. E. [3:1~4:13]
'Creation and Re-Creation: Psalm 95 and Its Interpretation in Hebrews
3:11~4:13', WTJ 55 (1993) 255~80
Garland, D. E. [3:7~4:13]
'The Renewal of the Promise of Rest: A Canonical Reading of Hebrews 3:7~4:13',
in Reclaiming the Prophetic Mantle: Preaching the Old Testament Faithfully,
ed G. L. Klein (Nashville 1992), 203~21
Rowell, J. B. [6]
'Exposition of Hebrews Six', BS 94 (1937) 321~42
Kempson, W. R. [6:1~8]
'Hebrews 6:1~8', RevExp 91 (1994) 567~73
Finney, T. J. [7:
Lohr, H. [8]
'"Umriss" und "Schatten". Bemerkungen zur Zitieerung von Ex 25,
Wiid, J. S. [9:15~22]
'The testamental significance of diaqhvkh in Hebrews 9:15~22', Neot
26 (1992) 149~56
Swetnam, J. [10:30~31]
'Hebrews 10, 30~31: A Suggestion', Bib 75 (1994) 388~94
Schultz, D. [11:8~19]
'Abraham as an Example for Moral Exhortation: An Exegesis of Hebrews 11:8~19',
in Directions in New Testament Methods, ed M. C. Albl, P. R. Eddy and R.
Mirkes (Marquette University Press 1993), 39~43
Walker, P. [13:9~14]
'
¢w¢w ¶¾½®©[¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡n