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ÁÉ12:2¡^¡C°ò·þ¬O§Ú̪º¬ß±æ¡A³o³q±`¬O»¡§Ú̧â§Ú̪º¬ß±æ©ñ¦b¥Lªº¨¤W¡A¦Ó¥B¤×¨ä«üªº¬O§Ú̬߱æ¥Lªº¦A¨Ó¡A¨ì¨º®É§Ú̪º¬@±Ï´N§¹¥þ¤F¡C¦b³oùØ«Où¨Ã¤£¬O¦b´y¼g¤T¦ì¤@Å骺¯«ªº¸t¤÷¡B¸t¤l¡B¸tÆF¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¦Ó¬O¦b´y¼g¯«»P«H®{¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C
1:2 ´£¼¯¤Ó¤]³\¬O¥Ñ«Où±a»âÂk¥D¡]®{14:6; 16:1¡^©ÎªÌ¥L¥u¤£¹L¬O«Où"¦bÆFùتº«Ä¤l"¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥L¬O«Oùªº¨ü«OÅ@¤H¡C
«Où³oùØ©M¦b´£¼¯¤Ó¦Z®Ñ¡]°Ñ¬ù¿«¤G®Ñ¤T³¹¡^¦b¥L³q±`ªº®¦´f»P¥¦wªº¯¬ºÖ¤¤¤S¥[¤F"¼¦¼§"¡A¤]³\¬O¦]¬°"¼¦¼§©M¥¦w"¬O¤@Ó«Où¥i¥H»P¥L¦b¥Dùتº¡]¥b¡^µS¤Ó¤H¨à¤l¦@¦P¤À¨ÉªºµS¤Ó¦¡ªº¯¬ºÖ¡]¨£ J. N. D. Kelly , A Commnentary on the Pauline Epistles, p.
41¡^¡CµM¦Ó¡A"¼¦¼§"¤]´£¿ô§ÚÌ¡A§Ṳ́£¶È¶È»Ýn¯«µ¹§ÚÌ©Ò¤£°t±oªº¡]¥Lªº®¦´f¡^¡A§Ṳ́]»Ýn¯«µ¹§ÚÌ°t±oªº¡]¥Lªº¼¦¼§¡^¡C³o¤TÓµü·§¬A¤F©Ò¦³ªº¯«ªº¯¬ºÖ¡C
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A. ´£¼¯¤Ó©Ò±Á{ªº¥ô°È 1:3-11
¦b³o¨Ç³¹¸`¤¤¡A«Où´£¥XªºÄµ§i¬On´£¿ô´£¼¯¤Ón¸T¤î¦b¥H¥±©Òªº´XÓ¤H±Ð¾ÉµLÃöºònªº¨Æ±¡¡C
1:3-4 ¦¹³B´£¨ìªº°¨¨ä¹y¤§¦æ·¥¦³¥i¯à¬Oµo¥Í¦b«Où²Ä¤@¦¸¦bù°¨³Q¥}»P¼g¥»®Ñ«H¤§¶¡ªº
®É¶¡ùØ¡A¦]¦¹¦b¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇùجO§ä¤£¨ì°O¸üªº¡C¡]¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¥H«Où¦bù°¨ªº²Ä¤@¦¸³Q¥}µ²§ô¡C¡^«Où§â´£¼¯¤Ó¯d¦b¥H¥±©ÒÁ`ªº¥Øªº´N¬On¥L§@¬°«Oùªº¯S§O¥Nªí¡A¥LªºÅv¬`¦b«Où¤§¤U¦ý¦b¥H¥±©Ò±Ð·|ªºªø¦Ñ¤§¤W¡A³o¬O¦b±Ð·|¾ú¥v¤W¨Ï®{®É¥Nªº¤@Ó¯S®í¦a¦ì¡C
"«Où¦b¦¹®Ñ«H¤¤¤S«z¤F´¿¸g¤fÀY©M´£¼¯¤ÓÁ¿¹Lªº¤º®e¡A¥H«K¨Ï´£¼¯¤Ó§ó²M·¡¡A¦P®É¤]¬O¹ï¨º¨Ç¤Ï¹ï´£¼¯¤Óªº¤H½T¤ÁªºÃÒ©ú´£¼¯¤ÓªºÅv«Â¡C"¡]Richard C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of
«Où©Ò«ü³dªº¤Hªº¿ù»~¦ü¥G¬O¦b¥LÌ©Ò±j½Õªº¦Ó«D¥LÌ©ÒÁ¿ªº¤º®e "²§±Ð"¡]§Æþ»yheterodidaskalein¡^¬O¤@Óªx«üªºµü¡A¨Óªí©ú¥L̪º±Ð¾É¬O©Ç²§ªº¦Ó¤£¬O³y´N¤Hªº¡C
"¤@¨Ç¤H»{¬°³oºØ©Ç²§ªº±Ð¾É¤¤¦³¥~¨¹¤Hªº¿Õ´µ©³õ¾Çªº¼vÅT¡A¹ï«H¥õªºÆ[©À»P¹ê¦æ³£¬O±À´ú©Êªº¡C³o¨Ç¡]incipient¡^¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸qªº¦]¯Àªº½T¦b¤@¥@¬ö«e¥b¥@¬öªº¨È²Ó¨È¬y¦æ¹L¡A¤]³\¦b«Où¼g¦¹®Ñ«Hªº®ÉÔ¡A³oºØ¼vÅT¤´µM¦s¦b¡C¦ý²@µLºÃ°Ýªº¡A«Où¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤©Ò«ü³dªº²§±Ð¦¤w±a¦³¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸qªº¦â±m¡C¦b³oùØ©Ò«ü³dªº¤]©úÅã¦a±a¦³µS¤Ó±Ð¦â±m¡C"¡]Hiebert, p. 30¡^¡C
©ú½T¦aÁ¿¡A³o¨Ç¤H¦ü¥G¤@ª½ª`«¸t¸g¤§¥~ªº¶Ç»¡©Î¬G¨Æµ¥¡A³o¤w¦¨¬°µS¤Ó±Ðªº¶Ç²Î¡A³o¨ÇªF¦è°_·½©ó¬ù¤¤ªº®aÃСC"¯î´ùµL¾Ìªº¸Ü»y"©M"µL½aªº®aÃÐ"©úÅã©Ò´y¼gªº¬O¤@ºØ°¾Â÷ªº¨âӤ豦Ӥ£¬O¨âÓ¤£¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡C«Oùĵ§i»¡¡A³oºØ°µªk¥u¤£¹L²£¥Í¨S¦³¯u¥¿µª®×ªº°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¤£·|¨Ï«H®{¦bÆF©R¤W§ó¥[¦¨¼ô¡]°Ñ¥±4:11-16¡^¡C§Ú̪º¦¨ªø¬O¯«ªº¥Øªº¡A³o»Ýn§Ú̹ê¦æ§Ú̪º"«H¤ß"¡]°Ñù1:17¡^¡C
¤µ¤ÑÃþ¦üªº°ÝÃD¬O¦b§Ú̪º±Ð¾É¤¤¥Rº¡¤F
typology, numerology, ©Î¬O¸Ô²Óªºµù¸Ñ¦Ó¨S¦³¸ÑÄÀ¤¤±j½Õ¨º¬q¸t¸gªºnÂI¡C¨S¦³¯à±j½Õ¸t¸g§@ªÌ©Ò±j½Õªº¡A¦Ó«o±j½Õ¨ä¥LµLÃöºònªº¡A³oºØ¥¢»~¬O«Où¦b³oùØ©Ò°Q½×ªºÃöÁ䪺°ÝÃD¡C
1:5 ¤@Ó¸t¸g±Ð®v±Ð¾Éªº³Ì²×¥Øªº¤£À³¸Ó¬O²£¥Íª§ÅG©M¥Ù¬Þ¡A¦Ó¬Onµo®i¾Ç¥Í̪º¥Í©R¥H¨Ï¥L̦b¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤ªí²{¥X¥L̪º·R¤ß¡A³oºØ·R¬O¥X©ó²M¼äªº¤ß¡BµL·\ªº¨}¤ß©M¹ï¯«¯u¹êªº«H¤ß¡C
1:6-7 "ªk¡]«ßªk¡^"¬O¼¯¦è«ßªk¡A¦ý¤]¬O«Où®É¥Nªº¸t¸g¡A§Y¬ù¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦¬ùªº«ßªk³¡¤À¡C«Oùªº·N«ä¤]³\¤£¬O»¡³o¨Ç¿ù»~ªº±Ð®v¤£©ú¥Õ¥LÌ©ÒÁ¿±Âªº¤º®eªº¹ê·N¡A¾¨ºÞ¦³ªº±Ð®v½T¹ê¬O¤£©ú¥Õ¡A¦Ó¬O»¡¥L̤£©ú¥Õ¥LÌ©Ò±j½Õªº¨ì©³¬O¤°»ò·N«ä¡C¥L̺|±¼¤F«ßªkªº¹ê·N¡C
1:8-11 ®Ú¾Ú«ßªkªº¥»·N¡AY¬O¤H¥Î±o¦X·N¡A«ßªk¬O¹ï¤H¦³¯q³Bªº¡]¡^¡C©Ò¦³ªº«ßªkªº¥Dn¥Øªº¤£¬On§í¨î¸q¤H¡A¦Ó¬O¤£¸qªº¤H¡C
ÀY¤»Ó§Î®eµü¬O¦¨¹ï¦b¤@°_¡]¤E¸`«e¥b¸`¡^¡A¨C¤@¹ï¤¤ÀY¤@ӧήeµü¬OºA«×¡A¦Ó«á±ªº§Î®eµüªí¥Ü©Ò²£¥Íªº¦æ°Ê¡C³o¤T²Õ§Î®eµü©Ò´yzªº¤£ªk¦æ¬°¦³¤@Ó±q¼sªx¨ì¨ãÅ骺¹Lµ{¡A³o¨Ç¤H¬O¹HIÀY¤T±ø»|©Rªº¨Ò¤l¡A¬O¦@¦P¹ï§Ü¯«ªº¸o¤H¡C
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²Ä¤G²Õ¥Ç¸oªº¤H¡]¤E¸`«á¡Ð¤Q¸`«e¡^¬O¨º¨Ç¹HI¤Q»|¤¤²Ä¤»|¨ì²Ä¤E»|ªº¨Ò¤l¡A³o¨Ç¬O¹ï§ÜªÀ·|ªº¸o¤H¡C
¼É¦æªº¤H
"Father-strikers and
mohter-strikers"(better than those who kill htese
people) have no reverence or affection ofr their own parents.
"±þ¤Hªº"¤HÀH·N±þ¤H¡C
«D¹D¼wªº
"¦æ²]ªº"ªº¤H¬O¿ùÂÕ¦a¹ï«Ý²§©Êªº¤H
"Homosexuals"abuse people of thier own sex. (See P. Michael Ukleja,
¡§Homosexuality in the New Testament,¡¨ Bibliotheca Sacra
147:560[October-December 1983]:350-58.)
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"·m¤H¤fªº"°½ÅѨóc½æ¤H¤f
"»¡ÁÀ¸Üªº¨Ã°_°²»}ªº"§@°²¨£ÃÒ
«Où³Ì«á¦CÁ|ªº¤@Ãþ¨Æª«¥]¬A¥ô¦ó¤£¶È¶È¬O©è¾×¼¯¦è«ßªkªº¤]¬O©è¾×«Où©Ò¶ÇªººÖµªº¡A³oºÖµ¤]¬O¥Rº¡¾ãÓ¬ù¡C¥¿¹D«üªº¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï©ÎªÌ¬O·Ç½Tªº¹D¡A¦Ó¬O«ü¦³¯qªº¹D¡]Hiebert, p. 37¡^¡C
«Où¦b³oùØ©Òn»¡©úªº¬O¡A¦b±Ð¾ÉºÖµªº®ÉÔ¡An¦Ò¼{¨ìºÖµªº¥Øªº¡A¥u±Ð¾Éª¾ÃѬO¤£°÷ªº¡A¤@ӱЮvÀ³¸Ó§â¯«ªº¤]ÆF¶Çµ¹Å¥ªÌ¡C
B. «Où¨£ÃÒ¯«°÷¥Îªº®¦¨å 1:12-17
«Où·PÁ¯«§ïÅÜ¥L¦Û¤v¥H«K¹ªÀy´£¼¯¤ÓÄ_¶Q¯«ªº¤j¯à¡A¯«¦³¯à¤O§ïÅܸo¤H¤¤ªº¸o»í¨Ã¨Ï¥Lªº¸t¥Á¦æ¥X¶W¦ÛµMªº©_¸ñ¡C
¦b³oùØ«P¨Ï«Où§@¥X³o¼Ë¨£ÃÒªº¬O´£¼¯¤Ó¦b¥H¥±©Ò±Á{ªº§x¹Ò¡A ³oºØ§x¹Ò¥Ñ©ó´£¼¯¤Ó¤Ñ©Ê©Ä®z´N§óÅãÁ}Ãø¡C´£¼¯¤Óªº³oºØ¤Ñ©Ê¦b¥»³¹ªº«á±§ÚÌ·|¬Ý±o¨ì¡C
1:12-14 «Où±o±Ï¬O¦]¬°¯«¨Æ¥ý¬Ý¨ì«Où±o±Ï«á·|«Ü©¾¤ß¶Ü¡]12¸`¡^¡H¨Ã¤£¬O³o¼Ë¡C¦ý«Oùªº©¾¤ß«o¬O¥L³Q©e¥H¶ÇºÖµªº«¥ôªº³¡¤Àì¦]¡C
¡§¹ï©ó°ò·þªº¹²¤H³Ì«nªº¯S½è¨Ã¤£¬O§Þ¥©»Pª¾ÃѦӬO©¾¤ß¡]ªL«e4:2¡^¡¨(Hiebert,
p. 40) ¡C
«Où±q«e¹ïC¿q°ò·þ»P¥Lªº±Ð·|ªº¼Ä·N¨Ã¤£¬O·Qn²Û°d¯«¡A«Où·í®É¥H¬°¥L¢®`±Ð·|¬O¦bªA¨Æ¯«¡A¥L·d¿ù¤FC¿q°ò·þ¬O½Ö¡C¦]¬°³oÓì¦]¯«¼¦¼§¤F¥L¡AÁöµM«Où§âÁ¶Âp¡B¢®`¡B¼É¤O¶É˦b¯«ªº¨¤W¡A¯««o§â®¦¨å¡B«H¥ô©M·R¶É˦b«Où¨¤W¡C
1:15 ³o¬O¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤«Où´X¦¸©úÅã¦a´£¨ìªº¡A¥Ñ©ó°ò·þ®{±`±`¥H¸Öºqªº§Î¦¡©Î¦b±Ð²z°Ýµª¡]°V½m·s°ò·þ®{ªº¤â¥U¡F°Ñ3:1;
4:9; ´£«á2:11; ´£¦h®Ñ3:8¡^¤¤¤Þ¥Î¡A¥¦¤w¦¨¬°¤H¤H©Òª¾ªº¡CHe probably did so here as is evidenced by his use of the
introductory, ¡§It is a trustworthy statement.¡¨ ¦b³oùØ©ÒªÖ©wªº°¶¤jªº¯u²z¬O¡A°ò·þ¹D¦¨¦×¨ªº¥Øªº´N¬On¬@±Ï¸o¤H¡C
«Où¯u¬O¾ú¥N¤W¸o¤H¤¤ªº¸o»í¡]°ÑªL«e15:9; ¥±3:8¡^¶Ü¡H©úÅã¦a¡A«Ü¦h¤H¦b¸o´c¤¤¥Í¬¡ªº®É¶¡n¤ñ«Oùªø±o¦h¡A¦Ó«Où¬O¦b¦¨¦~ªº¦´ÁÂk¦V¯«ªº¡C¤]³\«Où»¡¥L¬O¸o¤H¤¤ªº¸o»í«üªº¬O¥L¿n·¥°Ñ»P©î·´¯«¦b«Ø³yªº¤u§@¬O³Ì¤jªº¤@ºØ¸o¡A³oºØ¸on¤ñ©¿µø¯«©M°¾¦æ¤v¸ôªº¸on¤j±o¦h¡C
ª`·N«OùÁöµM¬O³Q¯«³j§Kªº¡A¥L¤´§â¦Û¤v¬Ý¦¨¸o¤H¡G"......I am foremost......."¡C
"¨Æ¹ê¬O¡A¤@Ó¯u¥¿ªº¸t®{Á`¬Oı±o¥L¬OÓ¯u¥¿ªº¸o¤H¡C¤@өж¡ùتŮð¬Ý°_¨Ó¬O²Mªº¡A¦ý·í¶§¥ú·Ó®g¶i¨Óªº®ÉÔ¡A´N¯à¬Ý¨£³\¦hªº¦Ç¹Ð©M¨ä¥LªºÂø½è¡G·í¤H»P¯«ªºÃö«Y©Ôªñªº®ÉÔ¤]¬O³o¼Ëªº¡A¤H·|³Q¯«ªº¥ú©Ò¬ï³z¡]¬ù¤@1:5¡^¡A¥LÌ·|§ó²M·¡¬Ý¨ì¦Û¤v¸o¹L¡A¨Ã¶}©l¹ï¸o¦³«ë´c·Pı¡A´N¶H¯«¹ï¸o«ë´c¤@¼Ë"(Ernest
F. Brown, The Pastoral Epistles, p. 10)¡C
1:16 ¯«¹ï«Où¯S§O¼¦¼§¡A¦]¬°¯«·Qn¨Ï«Où¦¨¬°¤@Óº]¼Ë¡AÅý©Ò¦³ªº¤H³£¬Ý¨ì¯«¬O¦p¦ó§â¤@Ó¸o¤H¤¤ªº¸o»íÅܦ¨³ÌÀu¨qªº¸t®{ªº¡C¥Lªº³Ì¤jªº¼Ä¤H¦¨¤F¥L³Ì¤jªº¹²¤H¡C©Ò¥H±q«OùªºÂàÅܤ¤¬Ý¨ì¡A¥ô¦ó¤H³£¤£À³¸Ó»{¬°¦Û¤vªº¸o¤Ó¤j¦Ó¯«¤£¯à³j§K¡C¬JµM¯«¹ï«Où¦³§Ô@¡A¨º»ò¥L¹ï¥ô¦ó¤H³£·|¦³§Ô@¡C
1:17 ¥¿¬O¯«ªº³o¼Ëªº®¦¨å¨Ï«Oùµo¥X³o¼ËªºÆg¬ü¨ÓºaÄ£¯«¡C¯«¬O¾ú¥Nªº§g¤ý¡]¥DÅv¡^¡B¬O¥Ã«íªº¡B¤£¥i¨£ªº¡]ÄÝÆFªº¡^¡B¬O°ß¤@ªº¯«¡C©Ò¦³ªº´L¶Q©MºaÄ£³£¥Ã»·Âk©ó¥L¡C"ªüÌ"·N«ä¬O"Ä@¦¹¦¨´N¡C"
³oÓµü¸g±`¥Ñ©Ò¦³ªº°ò·þ®{¦b»E·|ªº®ÉÔ¤jÁn»¡¥X¡A´N¶HµS¤Ó¤H¦b¥L̪º·|°óùØ©Ò°µªº¤@¼Ë¡C
C. ÄU«j©Mĵ§iªº¸Ü 1:18-20
«OùÄU«j´£¼¯¤Ó§¹¦¨¦b¥H¥±©Òªº¯«ªº¤u§@¡A¥H¿EÀy¥L¦³«i®ð±¹ï¤@©wªº¤Ï¹ï¡C
1:18-19 «Où¦b³oùتº©R¥O¬O¦b¤T¸`©M¥|¸`ùص¹¥Xªº¡A«Où¦bùؤS¦^¨ì´¿½Í¹Lªº°ÝÃD¡C´£¼¯¤Ó§@¬°¯«ªº¹²¤H¡A´¿¦³¤H¹w¨¥¥Lªº¤u§@ªº¦³®Ä©Ê¡]°Ñ®{13:2¡^¡C§Ų́S¦³°O¸ü³o¹w¨¥¬O½Ö¡A¤°»ò®ÉÔ¡A¦b¨ºùا@ªº¡A¦ý«Où´£°_³o¹w¨¥¥H¿EÀy´£¼¯¤Ó«ù¦u¤U¥h¡C·í´£¼¯¤Ó¥´¨º¬ü¦nªº¥Mªº®ÉÔ¡A¥LÀ³¸ÓÄ~Äò«H¾a¯«¨Ã«ù¦u¤@Ó¦nªº¨}ª¾¡A¤@Ó±a¦³¯«¦®·Nªº¨}ª¾¹ï¤@Ó°ò·þºë§L¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü¦³»ùȪºªF¦è¡C¦ý¤@Ó¤HY¹HI¤F³o¼Ëªº¨}ª¾¡A¨º´N¦n¶H¬O¥L©Úµ´Å¥±qĵ§i¥Lªº«H¸¹¡A¨º»òµ²ªG¥i¯à¬O¨aÃø©Êªº¡C
"¦b§ÚÌ»P¼Ä¤H¥~±ªºª§¾Ô¤¤¡A§ÚÌ¥Dn©ÒÃö¤ß¬O§Ṳ́ºùتºª¬ºA»P¤º¤ßªº¶É¦V" (J. P. Lange, ed., Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, 12
lovs., vol. 11: Galatians-Hebrews, ¡§The Two Epistles of Paul to Timothy,
¡§ by J. J. Van Oosterzee, p. 25)¡C
1: 20 «Où¦CÁ|¤F¨âÓ³oºØÃþ«¬ªº¤H¡A¬O´£¼¯¤Ó©Ò¼ô±xªº¡G³\¦Ì¤D¡]°Ñ´£«á2:17¡^©M¨È¾ú¤s¤j¡]°Ñ´£«á4:14¡^¡C¥Ñ©ó¥LÌ©w·NÄ~Äò¥Í¬¡¦b»P¯«¦®·N¬Û®¯ªº¤è¦¡¤¤¡A«Où§@¬°¤@ӨϮ{§â¥L̥浹¯«³q¹L¼»¦ý¨ÓºÞ±Ð¥LÌ¡A³o¼Ë¥LÌ´N¥i¥H®¬§ï¨Ã°±¤î¥H¥L̪º¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¨ÓÁ¶Âp¯«¡C³oӨϮ{Åv¬`¦b¨Ï®{®É¥N³Q¦æ¨Ï¡]ªL«e5:5; ®{5:1-11; 13:11; °Ñ§B2:6¡^¡A¦ý³oÅv¬`©úÅã¦a°±¤î¦b¨Ï®{¨¤W¡]°Ñ¨Ó2:3-4¡^¡C·s¬ù¤¤¨S¦³³o¼Ëªº«ü¥Ü»¡±Ð·|ªº»â¾É¥i¥H¦æ¨Ï³o¼ËªºÅv¬`¡C±q³oùئb´£¼¯¤Ó¦Z®Ñ¹ï¥L̪º´yz¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥L̦ü¥G¬O¯u¥¿ªº«H®{¡C
½Ķ¦¨"Á½Âp"§Æþµü¡]Blasphmein¡^·N«ä¬O"¦³·N¦a¥Î½°µøªº¨¥µü¨Óªí¥Ü¹ï¯«©Î¹ï¸tª«ªº¤£·q¬È"(A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, s. v. blaspheme,
¡§ p. 102)¡C
¢w¢w Thomas L. Constable¡mNotes on 1 Timothy¡n